{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:06:14Z","timestamp":1783613174665,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005415","name":"H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004103","name":"Landsp\u00edtali H\u00e1sk\u00f3lasj\u00fakrah\u00fas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of hypnotic and sedative medication for sleep improvement is common and long\u2010term use has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events and mortality. A proportion of patients might develop long\u2010term use after initiating new persistent use following surgery. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the incidence of new persistent hypnotic\/sedative use after surgical procedures and associated patient and procedural factors. Data on prescriptions for hypnotic and sedative medications used for sleep improvement were retrieved from the National Prescription Medicine Registry. Medication naivety was defined as not filling a prescription for hypnotics\/sedatives from 365\u2009days through 31\u2009days preceding surgery, new use was defined as medication naivety followed by filling a prescription for hypnotic\/sedative medication from 30\u2009days before surgery through 14\u2009days after surgery. New persistent hypnotic\/sedative use was defined as new use followed by filling another hypnotic\/sedative prescription from 15\u2009days through 365\u2009days after surgery. Of 55,414 patients included in the study, 43,297 were naive to hypnotic\/sedative medications. Of those naive patients, 4.6% met the criteria for new peri\u2010operative use, of whom 51.6% developed new persistent hypnotic\/sedative use. Patient and procedural factors associated with increased risk of new persistent use were older age; female sex; the presence of malignant neoplasm; ischaemic heart disease; and having undergone either cardiac or thoracic surgery. The hazard of long\u2010term mortality was higher for patients with new persistent use (1.39, 95%CI 1.22\u20131.59) compared with patients who remained naive. While a small ratio of surgical patients initiates the use of hypnotics\/sedatives in the peri\u2010operative period, a substantial proportion of these develop persistent use, which is associated with adverse outcomes. Over time, the proportion of patients using hypnotics\/sedatives has declined, but the risk of persistent use within this group has remained stable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T20:43:40Z","timestamp":1684183420000},"page":"995-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The epidemiology of new persistent hypnotic\/sedative use after surgical procedures: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"D. H.","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Peri\u2010operative Services Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. I.","family":"Albertsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9232-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Jonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Pharmacy Services Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. I.","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Peri\u2010operative Services Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4551"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3951"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3605-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.4.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","article-title":"Association between prescription of hypnotics\/anxiolytics and mortality in multimorbid and non\u2010multimorbid patients: a longitudinal cohort study in primary care","volume":"9","author":"Linnet K","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415616695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S290104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1124-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2531-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","article-title":"Incidence of and characteristics associated with long\u2010term benzodiazepine use in Finland","volume":"3","author":"Taipale H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"NOMESCO group on medicine statistics.Hypnotics and sedatives. 2021.https:\/\/nhwstat.org\/health\/pharmaceutical\u2010products\/sales\/hypnotics\u2010and\u2010sedatives(accessed 14\/02\/2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"EinarssonOB EinarssonJP MagnussonA.Many individuals overuse hypnotic medications in Iceland. 2018.https:\/\/island.is\/s\/landlaeknir\/frett\/Margir\u2010sem\u2010ofnota\u2010svefnlyf\u2010a\u2010Islandi(accessed 14\/02\/2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","article-title":"Association of new perioperative benzodiazepine use with persistent benzodiazepine use","volume":"4","author":"Wright JD","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","article-title":"New persistent opioid use after minor and major surgical procedures in US 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