{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:16:27Z","timestamp":1789182987392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["802885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["802885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA042033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA042033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA048094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA048094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Exposure to opioid analgesics due to surgery increases the risk of new persistent opioid use. A mechanistic hypothesis for opioids' abuse liability rests on the belief that, in addition to pain relief, acute opioid treatment improves well\u2010being (e.g. via euphoria) and relieves anxiety. However, opioids do not consistently improve mood in laboratory studies of healthy non\u2010opioid users. This observational study determined how two commonly used opioid analgesics affected patients' subjective well\u2010being in standard clinical practice. Day surgery patients rated how good and how anxious they felt before and after an open\u2010label infusion of remifentanil (n\u2009=\u2009159) or oxycodone (n\u2009=\u2009110) in the operating theatre before general anaesthesia. One minute after drug injection, patients reported feeling intoxicated (&gt; 6\/10 points). Anxiety was reduced after opioids, but this anxiolytic effect was modest (remifentanil Cohen's d\u2009=\u20090.21; oxycodone d\u2009=\u20090.31). There was moderate to strong evidence against a concurrent improvement in well\u2010being (Bayes factors\u2009&gt;\u20096). After remifentanil, ratings of \u2018feeling good\u2019 were significantly reduced from pre\u2010drug ratings (d\u2009=\u20090.28). After oxycodone, one in three participants felt better than pre\u2010drug. Exploratory ordered logistic regressions revealed a link between previous opioid exposure and opioid effects on well\u2010being, as only 14 of the 80 opioid\u2010na\u00efve patients reported feeling better after opioid injection. The odds of improved well\u2010being ratings after opioids were higher in patients with previous opioid exposure and highest in patients with &gt;\u20092\u2009weeks previous opioid use (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20094.4). These data suggest that opioid\u2010induced improvement of well\u2010being is infrequent in opioid\u2010na\u00efve patients. We speculate that peri\u2010operative exposure could increase risk of persistent use by rendering subsequent positive opioid effects on well\u2010being more likely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:38:20Z","timestamp":1688002700000},"page":"1102-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Opioid analgesic effects on subjective well\u2010being in the operating theatre*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Eikemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7606-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. M.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4178-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. E.","family":"L\u00f8seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6021-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Tr\u00f8stheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"\u00d8rstavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4355-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. N.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"},{"name":"Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8258-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Berna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative and Complementary Medicine Division of Anaesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"The Sense, Lausanne University  Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5224-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Kongsberg Hospital  Kongsberg Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6667-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Leknes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3810-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90091-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198001103020221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1914257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"New persistent opioid use after minor and major surgical procedures in US adults","volume":"152","author":"Brummett CM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0307-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825a2a4e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1955.02950290026009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3592-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0937-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01283-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108095811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.05030503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-17-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90984-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199701000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-01013-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00526-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1703-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4403-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2954-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2022.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.15.3.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428114548590"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29229-6","article-title":"Effects of infusion rate of intravenously administered morphine on physiological, psychomotor, and self\u2010reported measures in humans","volume":"299","author":"Marsch LA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443090-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1989.tb02923.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02612.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/410981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00233-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90152-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22236-4","article-title":"Acute opioid physical dependence in humans: effect of varying the morphine\u2010naloxone interval","volume":"250","author":"Heishman SJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001988"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.16069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T19:27:52Z","timestamp":1761679672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.16069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.16069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.16069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}