{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T20:02:33Z","timestamp":1784404953236,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001297","name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed the clinical practice of anaesthesia associates in the UK, as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and compared these with medically qualified anaesthetists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data from our baseline survey, activity survey and case registry as with other reports from the project.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 197 departments of anaesthesia, 52 (26%) employed anaesthesia associates. Of 10,009 responding anaesthesia care providers, 71 (&lt;\u20091%) were anaesthesia associates, of whom 33 (47%) reporting working nights or weekends (compared with 97% of medically qualified anaesthetists in training and &gt;\u200990% of consultants). Anaesthesia associates reported less training and confidence in managing peri\u2010operative cardiac arrest and its aftermath compared with medically qualified anaesthetists. Anaesthesia associates were less directly involved in the management and the aftermath of peri\u2010operative cardiac arrest than medically qualified anaesthetists, and the psychological impacts on professional and personal life appeared to be less. Among 24,172 cases, anaesthesia associates attended 432 (2%) and were the senior anaesthesia care provider in 63 (&lt;\u20091%), with indirect supervision in 27 (43%). Anaesthesia associates worked predominantly in a small number of surgical specialties during weekdays and working daytime hours. Complication rates were low in cases managed by anaesthesia associates, likely reflecting case mix. However, activity and registry case mix data show anaesthesia associates do manage high\u2010risk cases (patients who are older, comorbid, obese and frail) with the potential for serious complications. Registry cases included higher risk cases with respect to the clinical setting and patient factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anaesthesia associates work in enhanced roles, relative to the scope of practice at qualification agreed by organisations. Recent changes mean the Royal College of Anaesthetists and Association of Anaesthetists do not currently support an enhanced scope of practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1720674027000},"page":"1030-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anaesthesia associates' clinical activity, case mix, supervision and involvement in peri\u2010operative cardiac arrest: analysis from the 7th National Audit Project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3654-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust  Bath UK"},{"name":"University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9488-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust  Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9479-0143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists  London UK"},{"name":"Severn Deanery  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0864-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emira","family":"Kursumovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust  Bath UK"},{"name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Varney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia University College London Hospitals  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain K.","family":"Moppett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmeet","family":"Soar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Southmead Hospital  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Anaesthetists.AAGBI and RCoA Executive Summary: scope of practice for a PA(A) on qualification 2016.https:\/\/rcoa.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2019\u201008\/Scope\u2010of\u2010Practice\u2010PAA\u20102016.pdf(accessed 10\/04\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Scope of Practice for a PA(A) on qualification.https:\/\/anaesthesiaassociates.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Scope\u2010of\u2010Practice\u2010PAA\u20102016.pdf(accessed 10\/04\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Allied Health Careers.https:\/\/careers.clevelandcliniclondon.uk\/our\u2010careers\/allied\u2010health\/(accessed 12\/03\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"NHS England.NHS long term workforce plan 2023.https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/nhs\u2010long\u2010term\u2010workforce\u2010plan\u2010v1.2.pdf(accessed 12\/03\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"NHS England.Anaesthesia Associate Role Impact Case Study. Jan 2024.https:\/\/www.hee.nhs.uk\/our\u2010work\/medical\u2010associate\u2010professions\/impact\u2010case\u2010studies\/anaesthesia\u2010associate\u2010role\u2010impact\u2010case\u2010study(accessed 21\/05\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Gov UK.Consultation outcome. Regulating anaesthesia associates and physician associates.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/consultations\/regulating\u2010anaesthesia\u2010associates\u2010and\u2010physician\u2010associates\/regulating\u2010anaesthesia\u2010associates\u2010and\u2010physician\u2010associates(accessed 12\/03\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"General Medical Council.GMC welcomes upcoming laying of AA and PA Order.https:\/\/www.gmc\u2010uk.org\/news\/news\u2010archive\/gmc\u2010welcomes\u2010upcoming\u2010laying\u2010of\u2010\u2010aa\u2010and\u2010pa\u2010order(accessed 12\/03\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Outcome of the Royal College of Anaesthetists Extraordinary General Meeting on 17 October 2023.https:\/\/www.rcoa.ac.uk\/news\/outcome\u2010rcoa\u2010extraordinary\u2010general\u2010meeting\u201017\u2010october\u20102023(accessed 12\/03\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Anaesthetists.Chapter 2. Guidelines for provision of anaesthesia services for the perioperative care of elective and urgent care patients 2024.https:\/\/www.rcoa.ac.uk\/gpas\/chapter\u20102(accessed 10\/04\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"British Medical Association.Safe scope of practice for Medical Associate Professionals (MAPs). 2024.https:\/\/www.bma.org.uk\/media\/et3bxydx\/20240142\u2010maps\u2010scope\u2010of\u2010practice\u2010print.pdf(accessed 2\/05\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Anaesthetists.Anaesthesia Associates Research April 2024. 2024.https:\/\/rcoa.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024\u201004\/RCoA\u2010AA\u2010Survey\u2010Report\u2010FINAL.pdf(accessed 16\/04\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15856"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"At the Heart of the Matter. Report and findings of the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists examining Perioperative Cardiac Arrest. Soar J Cook TM eds. Royal College of Anaesthetists: 2023. ISBN 978\u20101\u2010900936\u201035\u20104.https:\/\/www.rcoa.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2024\u201005\/24832%20RCoA_NAP7_Book_updated.pdf(accessed 2\/06\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"DonaldF.Letter to Clinical Leaders in Anaesthesia Network.https:\/\/www.rcoa.ac.uk\/news\/letter\u2010clinical\u2010leaders\u2010anaesthesia\u2010network(accessed 7\/05\/2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"RCoA 2020: Royal College of Anaesthetists. Medical Workforce Census Report. 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