{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:58:58Z","timestamp":1784069938154,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few UK studies have explored the epidemiology of postoperative acute kidney injury after diverse types of elective major non\u2010cardiac surgery. Fewer still have compared postoperative acute kidney injury risk factors with conditions such as peri\u2010operative myocardial injury that might have similar pathophysiology. This study aimed to characterise postoperative acute kidney injury and its clinical consequences in elective major non\u2010cardiac surgery, and to assess risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury including those related to peri\u2010operative myocardial injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All elective major non\u2010cardiac surgical episodes, occurring between 2015 and 2020, were identified retrospectively. Patients without measured peri\u2010operative renal parameters were not studied. Our primary outcome was 7\u2010day postoperative acute kidney injury rate, defined using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to assess risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative acute kidney injury occurred in 1334\/13,790 (9.7%) episodes, with 663 (49.7%) occurring on day 1. Postoperative acute kidney injury was associated with increased peri\u2010operative complications (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.6\u20132.1, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), unanticipated critical care admissions (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.6\u20133.5, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and in\u2010hospital mortality (OR 8.0, 95%CI 5.1\u201312.5, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury include: raised creatinine; hypertension; anaemia; platelet: lymphocyte ratio; heart rate; male sex: renin\u2010angiotensin\u2010aldosterone system blockade; and intra\u2010abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative acute kidney injury is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Prevalence peaks initially within the first 48\u2009h, with a secondary rise seen from day 5 onwards, suggesting a different aetiology. It is determined by a combination of patient and surgical risk factors, with the former relating to physiological, rather than chronological, renal age. In common with peri\u2010operative myocardial injury, postoperative acute kidney injury is independently associated with factors affecting autonomic tone and myeloid skewing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T20:49:41Z","timestamp":1741898981000},"page":"662-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Novel biological risk factors for 7\u2010day postoperative kidney injury in elective major non\u2010cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9911-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary E.","family":"Worrall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesia University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham 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