{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T04:25:09Z","timestamp":1786767909963,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic hypnosis appears to offer psychological and physiological benefits in various medical fields, but despite increasing interest, its value for anaesthesia remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched for studies of any design in which hypnosis was used for any intervention requiring the presence of an anaesthetist, alone or in combination with any type of anaesthesia, on children and adults. Meta\u2010analyses using random\u2010effects models were stratified on hypnosis timing, when three or more randomised controlled trials reported on a similar outcome. Additional analyses were performed adding data derived from non\u2010randomised controlled studies. The primary outcome was the use of hypnotics and opioids during the intervention. Secondary outcomes included all outcomes related to pain, anxiety or adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 142 studies that included 9238 patients (8319 adults, 919 children). Pre\u2010intervention hypnosis decreased post\u2010intervention visual analogue scale pain score (mean difference \u20100.88\u2009cm, 95%CI \u20101.72 to \u20100.05) and anxiety (standardised mean difference \u20100.76, 95%CI \u20101.14 to \u20100.38). Per\u2010intervention hypnosis decreased visual analogue scale pain intensity during the intervention (mean difference \u20101.14\u2009cm, 95%CI \u20101.86 to \u20100.41) without impacting on post\u2010intervention pain; decreased post\u2010intervention anxiety (standardised mean difference \u20100.44, 95%CI \u20100.75 to \u20100.13); and lowered the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio 0.43, 95%CI 0.25\u20130.74). Adding non\u2010randomised controlled studies did not alter these results substantially. Evidence of the impact of pre\u2010 or per\u2010intervention hypnosis on other outcomes, or of post\u2010intervention hypnosis on any outcome, was lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypnosis may help reduce anxiety, alleviate pain during and after a procedure and lower the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, despite the inclusion of more than 9000 patients in studies examining the use of hypnosis for anaesthesia, its impact on most outcomes remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.70013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T21:39:00Z","timestamp":1758749940000},"page":"103-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hypnosis for anaesthetists: a systematic review and meta\u2010analyses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0551-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Jos\u00e9","family":"Lahoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Acute Care Medicine Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6877-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Tell","family":"Gurary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1787-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Acute Care Medicine Geneva University Hospitals  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2010.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207140701338670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S373608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195\u2010022\u201001065\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S424639"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010021\u201001626\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Covidence \u2010 Better systematic review management.https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/(accessed March 19 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"RyanR HillS.How to GRADE the Quality of the Evidence. 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