{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1790602889572,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative sore throat is a common complaint with an incidence of up to 62%. While anaesthetists often perceive this as a minor and self\u2010limiting complication, postoperative sore throat is one of the leading causes of postoperative anaesthesia\u2010related discomfort. Preventative strategies for postoperative sore throat have been studied extensively, but well\u2010evidenced recommendations are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review to summarise interventions which may prevent postoperative sore throat. Two independent reviewers assessed studies against inclusion criteria and completed a Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 assessment for randomised controlled trials. The results were synthesised narratively due to extensive methodological heterogeneity (populations, interventions and outcomes).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1883 studies, of which 162 met the inclusion criteria (enrolling 21,199 patients). The pooled incidence of postoperative sore throat at 1\u2009h was 32.4% (95%CI 26.9\u201338.5%) in 43 studies involving tracheal intubation and 29.4% (95%CI 20.5\u201340.2%) in 18 studies that used a supraglottic airway device. At 24\u2009h, the pooled incidence of postoperative sore throat was 16.4% (95%CI 13.6\u201319.8%) in 93 studies involving tracheal intubation and 9.9% (95%CI 6.7\u201314.4%) in 23 studies that used supraglottic airway devices. Interventions with evidence of benefit included maintaining cuff pressure \u2264\u200960\u2009cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O for supraglottic airway devices and \u2264\u200930\u2009cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O for tracheal tubes. For tracheal tubes only, other interventions with benefit included\u00a0use of topical ketamine; intravenous or topical steroids; and topical non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the high incidence of postoperative sore throat, the current literature lacks high\u2010quality randomised controlled trials on treatments that prevent a complication that is of importance to patients and their recovery. New research will only add value to this area if studies adequately control for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.70048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:18:27Z","timestamp":1761664707000},"page":"116-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Postoperative sore throat: a systematic review*"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary J.","family":"Moulder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Academic Anaesthesia Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"University of Sheffield  Sheffield 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