{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:46:16Z","timestamp":1775796376686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Data are lacking on how this risk altered during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and following vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the 90\u2010day risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients having abdominal, obstetric, orthopaedic, cardiac, thoracic or vascular surgical procedures using the OpenSAFELY\u2010TPP platform. Crude 90\u2010day risks of venous thromboembolism were calculated and crude and adjusted hazard ratios were derived from individual Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 1,800,540 procedures were performed with 15,390 individual venous thromboembolic events recorded within 90\u2009days. The highest crude absolute risk was in the Alpha wave at 1.2%. Postoperative SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was associated with a 4.4\u2010fold increase in relative risk of 90\u2010day venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 4.42, 95%CI 4.21\u20134.64) compared with those without. Recent SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 4.03, 95%CI 3.78\u20134.30) compared with those without. Patients who were unvaccinated had the highest relative risk for 90\u2010day venous thromboembolism. A single dose of vaccine was associated with a 20% relative risk reduction of venous thromboembolism (adjusted hazard ratio 0.80, 95%CI 0.76\u20130.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection status and vaccination history were associated with 90\u2010day venous thromboembolism risk, with both recent and postoperative SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection associated with an increased risk, whilst one dose of vaccine reduced the risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.70091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:06:01Z","timestamp":1764767161000},"page":"637-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Venous thromboembolism risk following surgery during the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Humes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Mehrkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian C. J.","family":"Bacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Davy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5127-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Goldacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1135-9356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Lifespan and Population Health, University of Nottingham, School of Medicine  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin J.","family":"Crooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Theme, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)32658\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08\u20100656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959\u2010021\u201000266\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zraf039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"GOV.UK.English indices of deprivation 2019. 2019.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/english\u2010indices\u2010of\u2010deprivation\u20102019(accessed 22\/01\/2025\/)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) latest insights: Infections. 2023.https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/articles\/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights\/infections#total\u2010people\u2010infected(accessed 19\/10\/2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102125.2000.00199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000005563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893\u2010022\u201001708\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.05.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sipas.2022.100085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593211043998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605\u2010014\u20102647\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(22)00462\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znab101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00097.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000005176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Venous thromboembolism: reducing the risk for patients in hospital. 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