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Components of this foundation include the environment; equipment; education; culture; and processes within an organisation. It is important to consider how the interaction between these elements and airway practitioners working in the system impacts individual and team performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An international, multidisciplinary working group reviewed existing airway guidelines and published literature. A structured process for generating expert consensus statements was undertaken, including consultation with an international advisory group comprising airway operators and assistants, as well as human factors experts. Discrepancies between the results of these two processes were analysed and reconciled. Guidelines were generated, and recommendations were categorised according to the American Heart Association classification system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These guidelines make recommendations to assist in providing an adequate foundation for airway management that are applicable independent of geography, practitioner background or the context for airway care. Key components of an adequate foundation for airway management include design of systems and clinical environments; availability of suitable and functional equipment and monitoring; training of airway practitioners in both the behavioural and procedural skills necessary for safe and effective performance; and promoting a patient\u2010centred, fair and just, no\u2010blame culture. Consultation with human factors experts is required to optimise the impact that interaction between these elements and airway practitioners has on individual and team performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providing an adequate foundation for airway management is fundamental to enabling all episodes of airway care to be undertaken safely and effectively. The principles outlined in this guideline are applicable across geographical boundaries, patient populations and clinical contexts in which airway management occurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.70366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:42:06Z","timestamp":1787881326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Project for Universal Management of Airways: guidelines for providing a foundation for airway management"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Chrimes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Gosford Hospital  Gosford NSW Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Clinical Skills and Simulation Centre Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia Warrington Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Greif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Bern University Hospital  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical Education Sigmund Freud University Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin A.","family":"Hagberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia, Medical Neurosciences and Division of Medical Education Dalhousie University  Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Adam","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine Dalhousie University  Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila N.","family":"Myatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Tata Memorial Hospital  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen P.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology St James's Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mercy Health Javon Bea Hospital, Rockton and Riverside Campuses  Rockford IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Sakles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine  Tucson AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Sorbello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kore University  Enna Sicily Italy"},{"name":"Giovanni Paolo II Hospital  Ragusa Sicily Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart D.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Monash University  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019\u20105049.195481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630\u2010021\u201002007\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"CookT WoodallN FrerkC.4th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. 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