{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:52:12Z","timestamp":1790315532363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Andrologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/and.12449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T04:50:51Z","timestamp":1436158251000},"page":"318-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hypoxia-induced apoptosis and mechanism of epididymal dysfunction in rats with left-side varicocele"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Tengzhou Central People's Hospital; Tengzhou Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Changhai Hospital; Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology; Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University; Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0001|and12449-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.06.018","article-title":"Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair","volume":"60","author":"Baazeem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0002|and12449-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh139","article-title":"Bilateral increased apoptosis and bilateral accumulation of cadmium in infertile men with left varicocele","volume":"19","author":"Benoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0003|and12449-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/28867","article-title":"Role of HIF-1\u03b1 in hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis","volume":"394","author":"Carmeliet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0004|and12449-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02799.x","article-title":"Apoptosis and kinematics of ejaculated spermatozoa in patients with varicocele","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0005|and12449-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.50","article-title":"Maturation of sperm volume regulation in the rat epididymis","volume":"12","author":"Damm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0006|and12449-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.002717","article-title":"The effect of varicocele repair on experimental varicocele-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis","volume":"29","author":"Fazlioglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0007|and12449-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.040","article-title":"Improvement of seminal parameters and pregnancy rates after antegrade sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins","volume":"91","author":"Galfano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0008|and12449-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010","article-title":"Varicocele: A bilateral disease","volume":"81","author":"Gat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0009|and12449-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei089","article-title":"Varicocele, hypoxia and male infertility. Fluid Mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular venous drainage system","volume":"20","author":"Gat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0010|and12449-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60638-4","article-title":"Right varicocele and hypoxia, crucial factors in male infertility: fluid mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular drainage system","volume":"13","author":"Gat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0011|and12449-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015032","article-title":"The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in hypoxia induced apoptosis","volume":"57","author":"Greijer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0012|and12449-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070300106","article-title":"Epididymal epithelium: its contribution to the formation of a luminal fluid microenvironment","volume":"30","author":"Hinton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microscopy Res Tech"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0013|and12449-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(02)00025-4","article-title":"Impact of diurnal scrotal temperature on semen quality","volume":"16","author":"Hjollund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0014|and12449-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210008","article-title":"Role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in modulation of apoptosis resistance","volume":"26","author":"Kilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0015|and12449-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000135455.97627.15","article-title":"Experimental varicocele induces hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis in the rat testis","volume":"172","author":"Kilinc","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0016|and12449-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00737","article-title":"Carnitine\/organic cation transporter OCTN2-mediated transport of carnitine in primary-cultured epididymal epithelial cells","volume":"130","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0017|and12449-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00417-9","article-title":"Increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele","volume":"175","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0018|and12449-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40236-6","article-title":"Enzymological determination of free carnitine concentrations in rat tissues","volume":"5","author":"Marquis","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0019|and12449-cit-0019","first-page":"236","article-title":"L-carnitine levels in the seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men: correlation with sperm quality","volume":"45","author":"Matalliotakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Women Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0020|and12449-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1320.017","article-title":"The role of carnitine in the male reproductive system","volume":"1033","author":"Ng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0021|and12449-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/31.5.754","article-title":"Determination of L-carnitine in serum, and implementation on the ABA-100 and CentrifiChem 600","volume":"31","author":"Rodriguez-Segade","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0022|and12449-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-776-7_20","volume-title":"Studies on Men's Health and Fertility","author":"Said","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0023|and12449-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.1.112","article-title":"The adolescent varicocele: what's new with an old problem in young patients?","volume":"100","author":"Skoog","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0024|and12449-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD14276","article-title":"Association of decreased spermatozoa omega-3 fatty acid levels and increased oxidative DNA damage with varicocele in infertile men: a case control study","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0025|and12449-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.1.78","article-title":"The study of varicocele through the use of animal models","volume":"7","author":"Turner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0026|and12449-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.007153","article-title":"Hypoxia-Induced apoptosis in the bilateral testes of rats with left-sided varicocele: a new way to think about the varicocele","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0027|and12449-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2013.02.120143","article-title":"The Well-Man Visit: addressing a man's health to optimize pregnancy outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Warner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0028|and12449-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)69851-5","article-title":"The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids","volume":"234","author":"Warren","year":"1959","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0029|and12449-cit-0029","first-page":"108","article-title":"Effect of experimental varicocele on structure and function of epididymis in adolescent rats","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12449-BIB0030|and12449-cit-0030","first-page":"5830","article-title":"Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 in common human cancers and their metastases","volume":"59","author":"Zhong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fand.12449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/and.12449\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T12:37:06Z","timestamp":1671539826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/and.12449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12449","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,5]]}}}