{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:02Z","timestamp":1787013842067,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project CAPES\/PNPD No. 2842\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project CAPES\/PNPD No. 2842\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technological Development","award":["Project CNPq\/Universal No. 456724\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project CNPq\/Universal No. 456724\/2014-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Andrologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/and.12904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T07:02:39Z","timestamp":1507014159000},"page":"e12904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Infrared thermography as a noninvasive method to assess scrotal insulation on sperm production in beef bulls"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"S. R. O.","family":"Menegassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8020-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production; University of Northern Parana; Arapongas PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Science Institute; Federal University of Rio Grande; S\u00e3o Louren\u00e7o RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. K.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. R.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"C.","family":"Koetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production; University of Northern Parana; Arapongas PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. R.","family":"Oberst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology; Veterinary School; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. O. J.","family":"Barcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0001|and12904-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14513","DOI":"10.3390\/s150614513","article-title":"The role of infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool for the detection of lameness in cattle","volume":"15","author":"Alsaaod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0002|and12904-cit-0002","first-page":"125","article-title":"The glamorgan protocol for recording and evaluation of thermal images of the human body","volume":"18","author":"Ammer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thermology International"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0003|and12904-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-8327","article-title":"Assessment of surface temperatures of buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) raised under tropical conditions using infrared thermography","volume":"68","author":"Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0004|and12904-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.08.002","article-title":"Evaluation of bull fertility in dairy and beef cattle using cow field data","volume":"75","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0005|and12904-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-012","article-title":"Daily variation in the udder surface temperature of dairy cows measured by infrared thermography: Potential for mastitis detection","volume":"83","author":"Berry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0006|and12904-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00231-0","article-title":"Testicular thermoregulation in Bos indicus, crossbred and Bos taurus bulls: Relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production","volume":"61","author":"Brito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0007|and12904-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00082-4","article-title":"Effects of scrotal insulation on sperm production, semen quality and testicular echotexture in Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus bulls","volume":"79","author":"Brito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0008|and12904-cit-0008","first-page":"43","article-title":"Guidelines for using the bull breeding soundness evaluation form","volume":"2","author":"Chenoweth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0009|and12904-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.11.006","article-title":"Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle","volume":"96","author":"Church","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0010|and12904-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0840417","article-title":"Relationship of scrotal surface temperature measured by infrared thermography to subcutaneous and deep testicular temperature in the ram","volume":"84","author":"Coulter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0011|and12904-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2015.06.014","article-title":"Effects of testicle insulation on seminal traits in rams: Preliminary study","volume":"130","author":"Cruz Junior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0012|and12904-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.07.005","article-title":"Effects of scrotal insulation in Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) on seminal quality and its relationship with in vitro fertilizing ability","volume":"70","author":"Fernandes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0013|and12904-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01971.x","article-title":"Chromatin structural changes in sperm after scrotal insulation of holstein bulls","volume":"18","author":"Karabinus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0014|and12904-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1080081","article-title":"Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams","volume":"108","author":"Kastelic","year":"1996a","journal-title":"Journal Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0015|and12904-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(96)01587-4","article-title":"Contribution of the scrotum, testes, and testicular artery to scrotal\/testicular thermoregulation in bulls at two ambient temperatures","volume":"45","author":"Kastelic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0016|and12904-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(96)00023-4","article-title":"Insulating the scrotal neck affects semen quality and scrotal\/testicular temperatures in the bull","volume":"45","author":"Kastelic","year":"1996b","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0017|and12904-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(95)01460-8","article-title":"Environmental factors affecting measurement of bovine scrotal surface temperature with infrared thermography","volume":"41","author":"Kastelic","year":"1996c","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0018|and12904-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2007.05.006","article-title":"Comparison between the coat temperature of the eland and dairy cattle by infrared thermography","volume":"32","author":"Kotrba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Biology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0019|and12904-cit-0019","first-page":"29","article-title":"Infrared thermography as a tool to study the milking process: A review","volume":"40","author":"Kunc","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0020|and12904-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(91)90463-N","article-title":"Effect of the collection method on semen characteristics of zebu and European type cattle in the tropics","volume":"36","author":"Le\u00f3n","year":"1991","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0021|and12904-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.04.012","article-title":"Use of infrared thermography to assess the influence of high environmental temperature on rabbits","volume":"95","author":"Lima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0022|and12904-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753767x","article-title":"Relationship between scrotal infrared temperature patterns and natural-mating fertility in beef bulls","volume":"75","author":"Lunstra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0023|and12904-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.10.021","article-title":"Mastitis detection in sheep by infrared thermograpy","volume":"94","author":"Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0024|and12904-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2907.2007.00111.x","article-title":"The value of infrared thermography for research on mammals: Previous applications and future directions","volume":"37","author":"McCafferty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mammal Review"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0025|and12904-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982011000700025","article-title":"Production indices for dual purpose cattle in central Brazil","volume":"40","author":"McManus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0026|and12904-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2016.01.027","article-title":"Infrared thermography in animal production: An overview","volume":"123","author":"McManus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0027|and12904-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0847-z","article-title":"Scrotal infrared digital thermography as a predictor of seasonal effects on sperm traits in Braford bulls","volume":"59","author":"Menegassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0028|and12904-cit-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982011000200028","article-title":"Bioeconomic impact of bull breeding soundness examination in cow-calf systems","volume":"40","author":"Menegassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0029|and12904-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1167-2","article-title":"Effects of ambient air temperature, humidity, and wind speed on seminal traits in Braford and Nellore bulls at the Brazilian Pantanal","volume":"60","author":"Menegassi","year":"2016b","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0030|and12904-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-015-1013-y","article-title":"The uses of infrared thermography to evaluate the effects of climatic variables in bull's reproduction","volume":"60","author":"Menegassi","year":"2016a","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0031|and12904-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.02.022","article-title":"On the determination of residual feed intake and associations of infrared thermography with efficiency and ultrasound traits in beef bulls","volume":"125","author":"Montanholi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0032|and12904-cit-0032","first-page":"504","article-title":"Evaluation of possible methods to reduce pain associated with electroejaculation in bulls","volume":"39","author":"Mosure","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0033|and12904-cit-0033","volume-title":"A guide to environmental research on animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0034|and12904-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.026","article-title":"The relationships between scrotal surface temperature, age and sperm quality in stallions","volume":"157","author":"Neto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0035|and12904-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.01.056","article-title":"Seasonal variation in semen quality in Bos indicus and Bos taurus bulls raised under tropical conditions","volume":"66","author":"Nichi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0036|and12904-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72954-4","article-title":"Infrared thermography and visual examination of hooves of dairy cows in two stages of lactation","volume":"88","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0037|and12904-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.09.004","article-title":"Comparison of electroejaculation and transrectal massage for semen collection in range and yearling feedlot beef bulls","volume":"87","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0038|and12904-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.11.2388","article-title":"Thermography of the bovine scrotum","volume":"46","author":"Purohit","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0039|and12904-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.05.031","article-title":"Scrotal insulation and its relationship to abnormal morphology, chromatin protamination and nuclear shape of spermatozoa in Holstein-Friesian and Belgian Blue bulls","volume":"76","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0040|and12904-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.1.98","article-title":"Veterinary applications of infrared thermography","volume":"77","author":"Rekant","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0041|and12904-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.02.034","article-title":"Recovery of normal testicular temperature after scrotal heat stress in rams assessed by infrared thermography and its effects on seminal characteristics and testosterone blood serum concentration","volume":"86","author":"Rodrigues-Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0042|and12904-cit-0042","first-page":"221","article-title":"Digital infrared thermography of the scrotum, semen quality, serum testosterone levels in Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) and their correlation with climatic factors","volume":"37","author":"Ruediger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semina: Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0043|and12904-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.01.008","article-title":"The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves","volume":"83","author":"Schaefer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0044|and12904-cit-0044","first-page":"81","article-title":"The effects of heat on the testes of mammals","volume":"3","author":"Setchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0045|and12904-cit-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.044","article-title":"Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic","volume":"93","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0046|and12904-cit-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.01.009","article-title":"Infrared technology for estrus detection and as a predictor of time of ovulation in dairy cows in a pasture-based system","volume":"81","author":"Talukder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0047|and12904-cit-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12315","article-title":"Integrated Evaluation of Scrotal Temperature and Testosteronemia after GnRH Administration in Young Bulls with Low Semen Production","volume":"49","author":"Vencato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals"},{"key":"10.1111\/and.12904-BIB0048|and12904-cit-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78575-5","article-title":"Effects of scrotal insulation on viability characteristics of cryopreserved bovine semen","volume":"74","author":"Vogler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"}],"container-title":["Andrologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fand.12904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/and.12904\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T20:02:21Z","timestamp":1750881741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/and.12904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12904","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-4569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-4569","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]]}}}