{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:21:21Z","timestamp":1789176081103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower urinary tract symptoms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>) may develop more commonly in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content> are often associated with benign prostate hyperplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPH<\/jats:styled-content>), in general population. An association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content> and hypovitaminosis D, and between hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes (T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>), has also been suggested. Thus, we aim to evaluate possible relationships between hypovitaminosis D, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPH<\/jats:styled-content> in T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> men. In this prospective observational study, 67 T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> males (57.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.28\u00a0years) underwent medical history collection, International Prostate Symptom Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSS<\/jats:styled-content>) questionnaire, that allows the identification and grading of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>, physical examination, biochemical\/hormonal blood tests (fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>, total testosterone, estradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010vitamin D, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTH<\/jats:styled-content>, calcium, phosphate, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSA<\/jats:styled-content>) and ultrasound transrectal prostate examination. Subdividing patients into three groups, on the base of 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010vitamin D concentration (sufficiency \u226550; insufficiency &gt;25\u00a0&lt;\u00a050; and deficiency \u226425\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), a significant progressive increase of prostate volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.037), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSS<\/jats:styled-content> score (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.019), diastolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018), and a significant decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038) were observed. 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.333; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006) and prostate volume (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.311; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011). At multivariate analysis, hypovitaminosis D remained an independent predictor of both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPSS<\/jats:styled-content> and prostate volume. In conclusion, we showed, for the first time, an association between 25\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010vitamin D deficiency, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LUTS<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPH<\/jats:styled-content> in T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T05:12:37Z","timestamp":1444713157000},"page":"1062-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hypovitaminosis D is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostate hyperplasia in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Caretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vigili de Kreutzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Guarneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pizzol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ferlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Avogaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Foresta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova 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