{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:00:40Z","timestamp":1790290840369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was undertaken to evaluate conventional and some of the main bio\u2010functional spermatozoa parameters, serum gonadal hormones and didymo\u2010epididymal ultrasound features in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). DM1 affects an increasing number of men of reproductive age. Diabetes may affect male reproduction by acting on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular axis, causing sexual dysfunction or disrupting male accessory gland function. However, data on spermatozoa parameters and other aspects of the reproductive function in these patients are scanty. Thirty\u2010two patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>1 [27.0 (25.0\u201330.0\u00a0years)] and 20 age\u2010matched fertile healthy men [28.0 (27.25\u201330.75\u00a0years)] were enrolled. Patients with diabetic neuropathy, other endocrine disorders or conditions known to alter spermatozoa parameters were excluded. Each subject underwent semen analysis, blood withdrawal for fasting and post\u2010prandial glycaemia, hormonal analysis and didymo\u2010epididymal ultrasound evaluation before and after ejaculation. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>1 had a lower percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility [10.0 (7.0\u201312.75) vs. 45.0 (42.0\u201347.75) %; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01] and a higher percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal mitochondrial function than controls [47.0 (43.0\u201355.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0\u20135.0) %; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01]. Patients also had greater post\u2010ejaculatory diameters of cephalic [11.5 (10.2\u201313.6) vs. 6.0 (4.0\u20137.0) mm; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01] and caudal epididymis [5.5 (4.00\u20137.55) vs. 3.0 (2.0\u20134.0) mm; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01] compared to controls, suggesting a lack of the physiological post\u2010ejaculation epididymal shrinkage. Correlation analysis suggested that progressive motility was associated with fasting glucose (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.68; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). The other parameters did not show any significant difference. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>1 had a lower percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility, impaired mitochondrial function and epididymal post\u2010ejaculatory dysfunction. These findings may explain why patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>1 experience fertility disturbance. Larger multi\u2010centric studies are necessary to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,8]],"date-time":"2015-10-08T01:25:02Z","timestamp":1444267502000},"page":"1082-1087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Reproductive function in male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"La Vignera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Di Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lo Presti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico \u2010 Vittorio Emanuele\u201d University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Mongio\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Neurophysiological role of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on seminal parameters in diabetic males with and without neuropathy","volume":"20","author":"Ali ST","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019308988368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55377-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.11.2613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1591-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001210102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.4.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"[Progressive motility increase caused by L\u2010arginine and polyamines in sperm from patients with idiopathic and diabetic asthenozoospermia]","volume":"71","author":"Morales ME","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ginecol Obstet Mex"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.1.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02591100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Precision and long\u2010term stability of different estradiol immunoassays assessed in a multi\u2010center quality control study","volume":"55","author":"Reinsberg J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2731-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization 2010 Cambridge University Press Cambridge"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fandr.12097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T20:02:41Z","timestamp":1695499361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.12097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.12097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-04-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}