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Aiming to investigate whether the spermatogenic damage previously observed in adult progenies from pregnant and lactating nicotine\u2010exposed rat dams are maintained or whether it is worsened in older rats, we analyzed the morphological testicular alterations after up to two complete periods of spermatogenesis (53\u00a0days each), spermatic parameters, and sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> fragmentation. Pregnant and lactating rats were nicotine\u2010exposed (2\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) through an osmotic minipump implanted on the first day of pregnancy and replaced after birth. Absolute Control (no minipump) and Sham Control (minipump without nicotine) groups were established. The offspring were killed at 90, 143, and 196\u00a0dpp. Significant alterations in morphometric and stereological testicular parameters, such as concentration of sperm number, daily sperm production, and plasma and intratesticular levels of cholesterol and testosterone were not observed in nicotine\u2010exposed rats. Testicular histopathological analysis showed small intraepithelial vacuolization and an accentuated germ cell desquamation in exposed rats. However, the offspring from nicotine\u2010exposed dams exhibited higher frequency of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and lower sperm motility in comparison with control groups. In addition, nicotine\u2010exposed groups showed a significant reduction in sperm mitochondrial activity and an increased sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> fragmentation (Comet assay). These results indicate a late reproductive damage in the male progeny caused by maternal nicotine exposure, related to the decrease in sperm quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,30]],"date-time":"2016-01-30T00:55:49Z","timestamp":1454115349000},"page":"218-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Late reproductive analysis in rat male offspring exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Miranda\u2010Spooner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Developmental Biology Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of Sao Paulo \u2013 UNIFESP Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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