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The increasing trends and geographical variation in their incidence have been suggested to result from\n                    <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    exposure to environmental chemicals acting as endocrine disruptors. In rodents, the anogenital distance (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), measured from the anus to the base of genital tubercle, is a sensitive biomarker of androgen exposure during a critical embryonic window of testis development. In humans, several epidemiological studies have shown alterations in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    associated with prenatal exposure to several chemicals with potential endocrine disrupting activity. However, the link between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and androgen exposure in humans is not well\u2010defined. This review focuses on the current evidence for such a relationship. As in rodents, a clear gender difference is detected during foetal development of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in humans which is maintained thereafter. Reduced\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in association with clinically relevant outcomes of potential environmental exposures, such as cryptorchidism or hypospadias, is in keeping with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    as a marker of foetal testicular function. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may reflect variations in prenatal androgen exposure in healthy children as shorter\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    at birth is associated with reduced masculine play behaviour in preschool boys. Several studies provide evidence linking shorter\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    with lower fertility, semen quality and testosterone levels in selected groups of adults attending andrology clinics. Overall, the observational data in humans are consistent with experimental studies in animals and support the use of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    as a biomarker of foetal androgen exposure. Future studies evaluating\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in relation to reproductive hormones in both infants and adults, and to gene polymorphisms, will help to further delineate the effect of prenatal and postnatal androgen exposures on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T20:04:29Z","timestamp":1454616269000},"page":"616-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":223,"title":["Anogenital distance as a marker of androgen exposure in humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Thankamony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pasterski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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