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However, as melatonin has a major role in regulating reproductive activity, its consequence on reproductive parameters under diabetes needs to be better clarified. We have studied whether prior and concomitant treatment of juvenile Wistar rats with low doses of melatonin interferes in reproductive damage induced by experimental diabetes after 1 and 8\u00a0weeks. The consequences of melatonin administration since weaning on reproductive parameters of healthy rats at adulthood were also evaluated. Melatonin was provided in drinking water (10\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg b.w.\/day) after weaning (5\u2010week\u2010old). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (4.5\u00a0mg\/100\u00a0g b.w.) at 13\u2010week\u2010old rats, and rats were euthanized 1 and 8\u00a0weeks after disease onset. Diabetes decreased circulating testosterone levels (~35% to 1\u00a0week; ~62% to 2\u00a0months; <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) but did not affect testes sperm counts. Two\u00a0months of diabetes reduced the sperm reserve and led to atrophy of epididymal cauda. Both 1\u2010week and 2\u2010month diabetes impaired sperm motility, decreased the number of spermatozoa with progressive movement, and increased the number of immotile sperm. Melatonin intake reduced serum testosterone levels ~29% in healthy 14\u2010week\u2010old and ~23% in 21\u2010week\u2010old rats and reduced daily testicular sperm production ~26% in the latter disease stage, but did not interfere in sperm reserves and transit time for both experimental periods. Exogenous melatonin prevented the serum testosterone decrease and damage to sperm motility in diabetic rats and attenuated reduction in sperm counts and transit time induced by 1\u2010week diabetes but did not avoid this decrease at 2\u2010month diabetes. Low doses of melatonin administered prior to and during experimental diabetes attenuated damage to testicular steroidogenic activity and preserved sperm motility, but not sperm reserves in the rat. Our data indicated a differential action of melatonin in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, particularly in sperm motility and testosterone production by Leydig cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,3]],"date-time":"2016-04-03T16:29:10Z","timestamp":1459700950000},"page":"526-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Melatonin intake since weaning ameliorates steroidogenic function and sperm motility of streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"C. F. P.","family":"da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biology Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences Univ\u00a0Estadual Paulista (IBILCE\/UNESP) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biology Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences Univ\u00a0Estadual Paulista (IBILCE\/UNESP) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Taboga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology State University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biology Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences Univ\u00a0Estadual Paulista (IBILCE\/UNESP) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Pinto\u2010Fochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences Univ\u00a0Estadual Paulista (IBILCE\/UNESP) S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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