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Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> also have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) features. To assess the relationship of gonadal and cardiometabolic function in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, we evaluated serum hormones [gonadotropins, inhibin B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INHB<\/jats:styled-content>), anti\u2010mullerian hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMH<\/jats:styled-content>), total testosterone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TT<\/jats:styled-content>)], and features of MetS (waist circumference, fasting lipid panel, fasting blood glucose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBG<\/jats:styled-content>), and blood pressure) in 93 pre\u2010pubertal boys with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> age 4\u201312\u00a0years (mean 7.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5\u00a0years). The cohort was grouped by age and tanner stage, and biomarkers were compared to normal ranges. A total of 80% of this pre\u2010pubertal cohort had \u22651 feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 11% had \u22653 features of MetS. Risk of MetS was independent of age and body mass index. Sertoli cell dysfunction was common with 18% having an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INHB<\/jats:styled-content> below the normal range. A low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INHB<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBG<\/jats:styled-content>, triglycerides, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDL<\/jats:styled-content>, and lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). An <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INHB<\/jats:styled-content> &lt;50\u00a0ng\/dL yielded a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79% for having \u22653 features of MetS. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INHB<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMH<\/jats:styled-content> positively correlated with each other (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMH<\/jats:styled-content> was protective of MetS. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TT<\/jats:styled-content> was below the lower limit of normal in 49% of subjects, with mean values significantly lower than expected (3.3\u00a0ng\/dL vs. 4.9\u00a0ng\/dL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), however, no convincing relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TT<\/jats:styled-content> and MetS was seen. In conclusion, gonadal and cardiometabolic dysfunction are prevalent in pre\u2010pubertal boys with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>. Although the relationship of testosterone deficiency and MetS is well\u2010known, this study is the first to report an association between impaired Sertoli cell function and cardiometabolic risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T20:36:50Z","timestamp":1474058210000},"page":"1169-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Gonadal function is associated with cardiometabolic health in pre\u2010pubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0304-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Pediatric Endocrinology Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Lahlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormone Biology and Metabolism Hospital Cochin Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010C.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hormone Biology and Metabolism Hospital Cochin Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Pediatric Endocrinology Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Zeitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA"},{"name":"Section\u00a0of Pediatric Endocrinology Children's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"A.I. 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