{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:44:06Z","timestamp":1787013846600,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Medical Research in the County of Vejle","award":["14\/1997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/1997"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Medical Research in the County of Vejle","award":["9\/1999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9\/1999"]}]},{"name":"Jacob Madsen and Olga Madsens Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Testicular hyperechogenic foci (\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are associated with Klinefelter's syndrome, cryptorchidism, infertility, and testicular germ cell neoplasia. The aims of the study were to evaluate\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n in relation to etiology of azoospermia and to Sertoli cell dysfunction. The structures inside the scrotum of consecutive non\u2010vasectomized, azoospermic were examined by ultrasonography, and hormone (\n FSH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n LH<\/jats:styled-content>\n , testosterone, and prolactin), and genetic analyses (karyotype, Y microdeletions, and\n CFTR<\/jats:styled-content>\n mutations) were performed. At testicular ultrasonography, patients were graduated into: pronounced\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (>7\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n per transducer field), distributed universally (\n uTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or collected in plaques (\n pTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), borderline\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n bTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; 3\u20137\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n per transducer field), or no\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (<3\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n per transducer field). Diagnostic testicular biopsy was taken open or with TruCut needle (14G).\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n status was sufficiently described in 382 of 449 potential participants, and testicular histology was available in 300 cases. Presence of ultrasonographically detectable\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was compared to presence of testicular microlithiasis (\n TM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) detected histologically. Sertoli cell dysfunction was investigated in a subgroup using a three\u2010stage immunoperoxidase technique for detection of cytokeratin\u201018 (\n CK<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201018). The prevalence of\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 13.4%.\n uTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was found in 11 men (2.9%), the pattern was bilateral in four while other four had\n bTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the other testis.\n pTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected in eight cases (2.1%), and except for one case with Klinefelter's syndrome,\n pTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was in all cases occurring unilaterally.\n bTHF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected in 32 cases (8.4%), bilaterally in 17 (53%). Pronounced\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly associated with testicular malignancy.\n CK<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201018 was detected in more azoospermic men with sperm production in \u226450% seminiferous tubules than in azoospermic men with spermatogenesis in \u226590% of seminiferous tubules and normal controls (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Unfortunately,\n TM<\/jats:styled-content>\n detected histologically was not detected in any patient expressing\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and neither\n THF<\/jats:styled-content>\n nor\n TM<\/jats:styled-content>\n was detected in any of the patients examined for\n CK<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201018. Sertoli cell dysfunction was not associated with testicular microlithiasis or hyperechogenic foci.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T17:57:18Z","timestamp":1483725438000},"page":"248-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence of small testicular hyperechogenic foci in subgroups of 382 non\u2010vasectomized, azoospermic men: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Fedder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199805)26:4<195::AID-JCU3>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070200107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.3.8058947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2008.00937.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.11.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000093440.47816.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000101948.98175.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1987.6.7.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2001.tb02586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2010.550796"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"FedderJ MarcussenN&EngvadB. 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