{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:12:36Z","timestamp":1783487556051,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with very low sperm count through direct sperm examination can exhibit extreme oligozoospermia or cryptozoospermia (after centrifugation). The management of these patients is a real challenge for both clinicians and biologists. In this retrospective and comparative cohort study, we compared the andrological phenotype of patients with extreme alterations of spermatogenesis and assessed whether the origin of spermatozoa (testicular or ejaculate) had any influence on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>) outcomes. A total of 161 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> cycles were performed using ejaculated spermatozoa from 75 patients with extreme oligozoospermia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>) or cryptozoospermia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>) and 150 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> cycles using extracted testicular spermatozoa from 74 patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content>). Physical, hormonal, ultrasound assessments, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> outcomes were performed in each group. Cryptorchidism was significantly more frequent in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> group (60.8% vs. 22.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> levels were significantly higher [18.9\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L (5.9\u201327.0) vs. 15.3\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L (9.0\u201346.5), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001] and the majority of inhibin B levels measured were found mostly undetectable in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> group as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> group (31.1% vs. 10.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0004). Moreover, we found no significant differences in the respect to the fertilization rates (48.9% and 43.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.43), implantation rates (17.4% and 15.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.77), and percentage of top quality embryo (22.4% and 20.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.73) between the two groups. The clinical pregnancy rates per embryo transferred were comparable in both groups (28.3% and 27.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.89). In this study, we showed for the first time a different andrological phenotype between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> groups. Indeed, cryptorchidism was significantly more frequent with more severe endocrine parameters found in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> group. These results reflect a more profound alteration in spermatogenesis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, there was no difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> outcomes between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T23:32:41Z","timestamp":1486769561000},"page":"219-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Extreme spermatogenesis failure: andrological phenotype and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Plouvier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Gyn\u00e9cologie Endocrinienne et M\u00e9decine de la Reproduction H\u00f4pital Jeanne de Flandre Centre Hospitalier 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