{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:57:06Z","timestamp":1768442226236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some preoperative factors affecting the outcome of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TESE<\/jats:styled-content>) have been previously evaluated. However, other than Klinefelter syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>), no other chromosomal anomalies have been discussed in the context of sperm retrieval outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe chromosomal anomalies and their relationship with sperm retrieval outcomes in patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content>). Of the 197 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> patients whose clinical records were retrospectively reviewed, 144 (73.1%) had normal 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content> karyotype, 40 (20.3%) had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> (47,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XXY<\/jats:styled-content>), and 13 (6.6%) had other chromosomal anomalies (autosomal in seven cases and sex\u2010chromosomal anomalies in six). Of the seven patients with autosomal anomalies, two had the reportedly normal variant 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content>,inv(9)(p12;q13). Testicular volume and serum hormone levels (luteinizing hormone, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, and total testosterone) of the patients with chromosomal anomalies other than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content> were comparable to those of the patients with normal karyotype. The sperm retrieval rate of the patients with 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content> karyotype, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, or other chromosomal anomalies were 27.1%, 22.5%, and 15.4%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. However, among the samples collected from the 13 patients with chromosomal anomalies other than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, only those from the two patients with the normal variant 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content>,inv(9)(p12;q13) contained spermatozoa. Among our series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> patients, the incidence of autosomal anomalies was higher than that generally noted among neonates, which suggests that not only sex\u2010chromosomal anomalies but also autosomal anomalies may affect the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content>. Furthermore, our findings suggest that sperm retrieval outcome is more unfavorable in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with chromosomal anomalies than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOA<\/jats:styled-content> patients with 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XY<\/jats:styled-content> karyotype or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KS<\/jats:styled-content>, despite the use of micro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TESE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T22:36:37Z","timestamp":1487975797000},"page":"473-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chromosomal anomalies and sperm retrieval outcomes of patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia: a case 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