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This study aimed to demonstrate phenotypic modulation in bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) rats within 7\u00a0days, and subsequently validate gene therapy with Myocardin (Mycod) by maintaining a contractile phenotype in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. Initially, 36 male rats were randomly divided into BCNI and negative control (NC) groups for histological and phenotypic molecular measurements at 3, 5, and 7\u00a0days. Afterwards, an additional 30 rats received a single intra\u2010cavernous injection of 50\u00a0\u03bcL PBS, Ad\u2010Myocd (1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\u00a0pfu\/ml) or Ad\u2010vector for 10 animals each, namely the NC+PBS, BCNI+Ad\u2010Myocd, and BCNI+Ad\u2010vector groups. Finally, the validity and mechanism of Myocd transfection was explored at 21\u00a0days in\u00a0vivo and 48\u00a0h in\u00a0vitro. Western blotting showed canonical declines in Myocd, \u03b1\u2010SMA, and Calponin expression, as well as elevated Osteopontin (OPN) expression, before corporeal morphological and SM\u2010to\u2010collagen ratio changes at day 5 after injury. Overexpression of Myocd maintained the contractile phenotype of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, ameliorated bilateral cavernous nerve injury rat erectile dysfunction, as well as promoted cell contractility and suppressed proliferative capacity. Simultaneously, confocal imaging revealed up\u2010regulation and co\u2010localization of serum response factor in gene\u2010transferred cells. In conclusion, our study is the first to investigate corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells phenotypes in the early stages of cavernous injury model rats, and Myocd reversed phenotypic modulation by activating serum response factor. The experimental results demonstrated the validity of gene therapy for erectile dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T01:12:53Z","timestamp":1495588373000},"page":"798-806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Maintenance of the contractile phenotype in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells by Myocardin gene therapy ameliorates erectile dysfunction in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"H.\u2010B.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.\u2010Q.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University 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