{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:58:44Z","timestamp":1790402324285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006442","name":"Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age and female sex have repeatedly been identified as gallstone determinants but the underlying mechanisms are not clarified. The objectives of this study were to determine if changes with age in physiology, lifestyle, or reproductive hormones were associated with incident gallstones. A cohort study of a general population random sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02366) aged 30\u201360\u00a0years was performed. Participants were ultrasound screened for gallstones in 1982\u201384 and again in 1993\u201394. Lifestyle data and blood samples were obtained and re\u2010analyzed in 2004. Changes with age in physiology (body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipids, self\u2010rated health), lifestyle (smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, dietary habits, physical activity level), and indices of reproductive function (number of births, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, male reproductive hormones) were explored in females and males separately. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. Incident gallstones (gallstones and cholecystectomy) at ultrasound examination in participants initially free of gallstones at baseline occurred in 9.9% of the study population. In females, increasing alcohol consumption (odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) [0.90; 0.98]) and the cessation of hormone replacement therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.29, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [0.10; 0.83]) inversely determined incident gallstones. In males, increasing levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.97, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [0.94; 0.998]) inversely determined incident gallstones. Other changes with age in physiology, lifestyle, or reproductive hormones were not associated. High baseline free testosterone determined incident gallstones in males (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.15, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [1.02; 1.30]). To conclude, changes with age in alcohol consumption in females and in reproductive hormones determined incident gallstones. Male reproductive hormones seem to have an impact on incident gallstones. Sex differences should be explored further in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T19:46:42Z","timestamp":1499975202000},"page":"931-938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Are incident gallstones associated to sex\u2010dependent changes with age? A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"D. M.","family":"Shabanzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Center Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Holmboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. T.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Center Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Linneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Experimental Research Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.\u2010M.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Faculty of Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39735-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00260-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.3.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"The estrogen\u2010androgen profile is unchanged in men with cholelithiasis","volume":"16","author":"Cohen G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"A prospective study of symptomatic gallstones in women: relation with oral contraceptives and other risk factors","volume":"84","author":"Grodstein F","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)80027-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000017302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","article-title":"Statin use and risk of gallstone disease: a meta\u2010analysis","author":"Kan HP","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Physical activity, maternal metabolic measures, and the incidence of gallbladder sludge or stones during pregnancy: a randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Ko CW","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)91114-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199606000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Ultrasound study of gallbladder motility in healthy subjects. 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