{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:18:02Z","timestamp":1763389082024,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calorie restriction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>) refers to a reduction of calorie intake without compromising essential nutrients to avoid malnutrition. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> has been established as a non\u2010genetic method of altering longevity and attenuating biological changes associated with aging. Aging is also an important risk factor for erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> diet can reverse the age\u2010related alterations of erectile tissue in the aged rat. Four groups of rats were used: young rats (7\u00a0months) + ad\u00a0libitum, aged rats (22\u00a0months) + ad\u00a0libitum, young rats + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> diet, and aged rats + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> diet. The ad\u00a0libitum group had free access to both food and water, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> groups were fed 60% of the food intake of their ad\u00a0libitum littermates, starting from 6\u00a0weeks before sacrifice. The penis was harvested and stained with antibodies to von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle \u03b1\u2010actin, platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor\u2010\u03b2, phospho\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>, and neurofilament. We also performed Masson trichrome staining and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content> assay. The blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum total testosterone level. The contents of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and neuronal cells as well as serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in the penis of aged rats than in their young littermates. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> significantly restored cavernous endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and neuronal cell contents and decreased cavernous endothelial cell apoptosis and fibrosis in both young and aged rats. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> also increased serum testosterone level in aged rats, but not in young rats. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> successfully improved age\u2010related derangements in penile neurovascular structures and hormonal disturbance. Along with a variety of lifestyle modifications, our study gave us a scientific rationale for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> as a non\u2010pharmaceutical strategy to reprogram damaged erectile tissue toward neurovascular repair in aged men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,25]],"date-time":"2017-07-25T21:52:38Z","timestamp":1501019558000},"page":"1023-1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Calorie restriction reverses age\u2010related alteration of cavernous neurovascular structure in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Limanjaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010M.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010J.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ghatak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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