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The grouping of bulls as fertile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) and low fertile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) was performed based on bull fertility index and infertile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) based on semen rejection rate (&gt;33%). The sperm motility, fructolysis index, acrosomal reaction, intracellular calcium levels, and seminal plasma fructose and calcium levels were studied among fertility groups. The differentially expressed sperm proteins observed in single\u2010 and two\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis (2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DE<\/jats:styled-content>) were identified using Nano\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>. In the fertile bulls, the expression levels of calmodulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CALM<\/jats:styled-content>1), spermadhesinZ13 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPADH<\/jats:styled-content>2), and phosphatidylethanolamine\u2010binding protein 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4) were significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) higher than in other fertility groups. In bovine, expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4 a novel seminal protein was not observed in spermatozoa of infertile bulls. When the bulls were grouped based on the presence (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) or absence (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein in spermatozoa, a positive significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) association of this protein with the percentage of motile, type\u2010A spermatozoa, and sperm fructose uptake was observed. Further, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4 was localized in elongated spermatids, Leydig cells, excurrent duct system, and principal piece of spermatozoa. These findings suggest a crucial role for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein in spermiogenesis, epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm motility. This first study in bovine indicates the positive association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEBP<\/jats:styled-content>4 in regulating sperm maturation, functions, and fertility and could be a potential marker for predicting semen quality and fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1504215519000},"page":"1032-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Comparative sperm protein profiling in bulls differing in fertility and identification of phosphatidylethanolamine\u2010binding protein 4, a potential fertility marker"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Somashekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Animal Physiology Division ICAR\u2010National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Bengaluru India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Jain University Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5516-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Selvaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Animal Physiology Division ICAR\u2010National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Parthipan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Animal Physiology Division ICAR\u2010National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Bengaluru India"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Jain University Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology Veterinary College Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"Binsila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Animal Physiology Division ICAR\u2010National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Venkataswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Centre Department of Neurovirology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Karthik Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Animal Physiology Division ICAR\u2010National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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