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In this study, we evaluated the changes in cavernous tissue elasticity by elastography in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with or without neurovascular bundle preservation. Data from 65 patients underwent open retropubic radical prostatectomy between April 2014 and December 2015 was collected prospectively. Patients were grouped with respect to nerve\u2010sparing status (non\u2010, unilateral, and bilateral nerve sparing). International Index of Erectile Function scores, penile lengths, and elasticity scores were recorded at preoperative and postoperative follow\u2010up visits (at 3rd and 6th months). The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the changes of the elasticity scores in all groups. Elasticity scores were measured with real\u2010time elastography by a single experienced radiologist. Mean age, baseline total testosterone level, IIEF\u20105 score, elasticity scores of the cavernous body, and penile length were comparable in all groups. At postoperative 3rd and 6th months, statistically significant higher (in favor for fibrosis) mean cavernous body elasticity scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001), lower mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIEF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001), and shorter penile lengths (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) were observed in non\u2010nerve\u2010sparing group compared to other groups while there were no statistically significant differences between unilateral and bilateral nerve\u2010sparing groups. Very strong negative correlation was detected between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIEF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 and elasticity scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001). According to our results, preservation of the neurovascular bundle in at least one side mediates lower elasticity scores, better International Index of Erectile Function scores, and penile lengths. Preliminary results of the penile elastography studies are promising for prediction of erectile functions and cavernous tissue fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T20:56:39Z","timestamp":1502225799000},"page":"999-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Preliminary results of a new tool to evaluate cavernous body fibrosis following radical prostatectomy: penile elastography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Atat\u00fcrk Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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