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Carnitine, present in testis and epididymis, is involved in sperm maturation. It is also effective in infertility treatment. As a continuation of a previous study, we evaluated whether some spermatic qualitative parameters, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integrity, chromatin structure, and fertility status, could be ameliorated by the carnitine treatment in adult rats, which were subsequently exposed to doxorubicin at pre\u2010puberty. Pre\u2010pubertal male rats were distributed into four groups: Sham Control; Doxorubicin; <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine; <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine\u00a0+\u00a0Doxorubicin (<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine injected 1\u00a0h before doxorubicin). At 100\u00a0days of age, all groups were reassigned into two sets: One set was submitted to the evaluation of sperm motility, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm chromatin structure analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCSA<\/jats:styled-content>), and evaluation of the oxidative stress. The other set of rats was destined to the evaluation of reproductive competence. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome integrity was higher in the Carnitine+Doxorubicin group when compared with the Doxorubicin group. However, sperm motility and mitochondrial activity were not improved by carnitine pre\u2010treatment. Both values of malondialdehyde and nitrite (indirect measurement of nitric oxide) concentrations were statistically higher in the only doxorubicin\u2010treated group when compared to the Carnitine\u00a0+\u00a0Doxorubicin group. Fertility index and implantation rate were lower in Doxorubicin group, when compared to Carnitine\u00a0+\u00a0Doxorubicin group. Moreover, the percentage of spermatozoa with damaged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in the Doxorubicin\u2010treated group when compared to the Carnitine+Doxorubicin group. <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine, when administered before doxorubicin, partially preserved the acrosome integrity, an important feature related to sperm fertilization ability that positively correlated with the reproductive competence and sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integrity at adulthood. In conclusion, <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine attenuated the long\u2010term alterations caused by doxorubicin in the germ cells and improved male reproductive capacity in adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T20:44:46Z","timestamp":1507063486000},"page":"236-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Carnitine partially improves oxidative stress, acrosome integrity, and reproductive competence in doxorubicin\u2010treated rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8222-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. E. 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