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However, the mechanism of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010based therapy is unclear. Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101), basic fibroblast growth factor (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) secreted by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s were assessed in\u00a0vitro. Sixteen 24\u2010month\u2010old male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were used for comparative analysis of 2\u2010week treatment with labeled\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Eight additional 5\u2010month\u2010old rats were used as a young rat group. At 2\u00a0weeks post\u2010transplantation, all rats were analyzed for erectile function, cavernous\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    levels, and penile histology. Conditioned medium and co\u2010culture systems were used in cell experiments to detect how growth factors act on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCSMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) under oxidative stress conditions via crystal violet staining and immunofluorescence staining. We found that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s secreted significantly higher\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    levels in culture medium compared with basal medium. Compared with young rats, untreated aged rats had significantly lower Max\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment significantly increased the ratio. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a small number of labeled\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s in the corpus cavernosum. The untreated aged rats showed significantly decreased cavernous\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    levels and significantly decreased contents of cavernous smooth muscle and endothelium compared with young rats.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment partially normalized these alterations. In cell experiments, the groups receiving growth factor neutralizing antibody separately or combined had significantly decreased numbers of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCSMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s compared with control groups. These results indicated that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment may improve aging\u2010related\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    partially through the secretion of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">bFGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and VEGF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T20:04:51Z","timestamp":1522440291000},"page":"498-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Adipose\u2010derived stem cells improve erectile function partially through the secretion of\n                    <scp>IGF<\/scp>\n                    \u20101,\n                    <scp>bFGF<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>VEGF<\/scp>\n                    in aged rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"},{"name":"Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 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