{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:12:16Z","timestamp":1789085536649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/5\u2010120\u201003\/503\u201051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/5\u2010120\u201003\/503\u201051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to compare the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy with those of surgical or combined therapy on testicular volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>) in boys at different ages with unilateral canalicular undescended testis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UDT<\/jats:styled-content>). In total, 155 boys aged 1 to 12\u00a0years were treated: either surgically (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>), or by 50<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>\/kg body weight<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>administration every three days for five weeks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>), or by a combination of the two. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>before the treatment, 9\u201312 (median 10) and 24\u201339 months (median 32) after therapy. The testicular atrophy index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>) of the affected testicle was calculated. The success rate was 94.7% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>, 39.2% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>and 98% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HST<\/jats:styled-content>patients. The atrophy rate was 5.3% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>, 0% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>and 2% for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HST<\/jats:styled-content>. Neither treatment type nor patient age significantly influenced gonadal atrophy. No significant differences in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>of the affected testis were observed after treatment between the groups. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>values were significantly the lowest in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0006). Both<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>changes from the baseline values did not differ between the treatment groups. At the 24\u2010 to 39\u2010month follow\u2010up, no significant differences were observed in the change in baseline<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>and baseline<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>between age groups.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>of the affected testis increased significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0000), and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAI<\/jats:styled-content>decreased significantly over time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), with no significant differences depending on the age group, treatment type or the interaction of the two factors. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>therapy did not impair the development of affected and healthy testes, neither as single nor as neoadjuvant therapy, both during early assessment and after 2\u20133\u00a0years. Patients\u2019 age at the initiation of treatment seems irrelevant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T06:21:10Z","timestamp":1528179670000},"page":"742-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The volume of unilaterally undescended testis after<scp>hCG<\/scp>therapy compared to orchidopexy and combined methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Niedzielski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology the Maria Konopnicka Paediatric Centre Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kucharski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology the Maria Konopnicka Paediatric Centre Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Slowikowska\u2010Hilczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000161410.30145.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Hormonal treatment for unilateral inguinal testis: comparison of four different treatments","volume":"55","author":"Bertelloni S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67763-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01371906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310008136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34922-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Apoptotic cell death in the normal and cryptorchid human testis: the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular cell survival","volume":"28","author":"Heiskanen P","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-004-1198-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000181059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(05)80288-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2012.03695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1470-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A critical review of recent clinical practice guidelines on management of cryptorchidism","volume":"24","author":"Kim JK","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)66484-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.18.4654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.59940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-016-0039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.9.2795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"991","article-title":"The prepubertal testis: a quiescent or a silently active organ?","volume":"14","author":"Rey R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Management of undescended testes: how and when?","volume":"7","author":"Ritz\u00e9n EM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.00159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2008.00340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000251185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2001.tb02581.x","article-title":"Testicular pathology in 46, XY dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism. 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