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They are crucial for sperm transport and complement the functions of Sertoli cells by secreting factors, including glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor. Previous studies revealed that they also secrete the chemokine C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which has known roles in spermatogenesis. Peritubular cells express the androgen receptor (AR), which is retained in isolated human testicular peritubular cells. We aimed to explore AR\u2010regulated functions in human testicular peritubular cells. Bearing in mind that infertile men often have high aromatase activity, which may lower intratesticular androgen concentrations, an animal model for male infertility was studied. These mice display an age\u2010dependent loss in spermatogenesis due to high aromatase activity. Human testicular peritubular cells were exposed to dihydrotestosterone or the antiandrogen flutamide. We studied AR, smooth muscle cell markers, glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor and 15 secreted factors previously identified, including CXCL12. We used qPCR, Western blotting, ELISA or selected reaction monitoring (SRM). In the animal model for male infertility, we employed qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Dihydrotestosterone increased AR and flutamide prevented these actions. The smooth muscle cell markers calponin and smooth muscle actin were likewise increased, while cell size or cellular proliferation was not changed. Dihydrotestosterone did not increase glial cell line\u2010derived neurotrophic factor or CXCL12 secretion but increased levels of serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) E1. The animal model for male infertility with high aromatase activity showed reduced numbers of AR\u2010immunoreactive testicular peritubular cells, suggesting that altered androgen and\/or oestrogen levels could influence AR\u2010mediated responses in peritubular cells. Androgens act on human testicular peritubular cells to enhance AR levels, their contractile phenotype and to modulate the secretion of some secreted factors. This study suggests that some aspects of human peritubular cell functions are regulated by androgens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T07:10:04Z","timestamp":1528182604000},"page":"756-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Insights into the role of androgen receptor in human testicular peritubular cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"},{"name":"Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Walenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Heikel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Center for Disease Modeling and Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Flenkenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA) Gene Center LMU Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010G.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gruschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology Anatomy III BMC Munich Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t (LMU) Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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