{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:57:34Z","timestamp":1778637454574,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Foundation for Quality Assessment in Medical Laboratories (SKML)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a wide practice variation of used methods and outcomes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> in fertility laboratories. Standardization of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> procedure is important for reducing inconsistency among laboratories in counseling infertile couples and in pregnancy results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the currently used laboratory procedures of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> in Dutch fertility laboratories and their effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancy results. Additionally, the methods for semen analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>) were evaluated, as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> is related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> in terms of inseminated sperm number and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This questionnaire survey study was sent to laboratories participating in the Dutch external quality control program for semen analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SKML<\/jats:styled-content>) and consisted of 46 questions concerning laboratory management, methods for semen analysis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content>, and clinical results. The results were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 52 laboratories (out of 99) provided information on used methodologies for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> or laboratory procedures of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> and the organization of the laboratory. A wide variability was confirmed in used methods for both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content>. Evaluation of pregnancy results obtained during 3\u00a0years (2013\u20102015) showed that specific used laboratory methods have a significant effect on the probability of becoming pregnant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Important to remark is that in this survey study cycle\u2010specific data, including variables of the individual couples (age, stimulation protocol, etc), were not included and may have effects on the results. The reported results provide an overview of the current practice performance; however, the organization of fertility laboratories is changing rapidly. The use of standardized methods in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> is important for optimizing the performance of care and improving pregnancy results. The knowledge on used procedures, however, is limited, and further research on factors involving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content> and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> procedure is necessary.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T04:30:11Z","timestamp":1530333011000},"page":"707-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimization of laboratory procedures for intrauterine insemination: survey of methods in relation to clinical outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Lemmens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Laboratory Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry Maasstad Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Beijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry Atalmedial Medical Diagnostic Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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