{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:56:05Z","timestamp":1790834165294,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,8]],"date-time":"2018-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Agence de la Biomedecine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A\u2010kinase anchor protein 4 <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4) and its precursor pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 are two major proteins in spermatozoa of rodents and mammals. Although researchers have characterized the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression in various species, the protein's expression in humans has not been described in detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterize human pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 more precisely (notably the definition of its localization and expression levels in human spermatozoa and testes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein expression levels were assessed by Western blotting. The pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4's localization in spermatozoa and testes was determined using immunofluorescence staining and immunogold electron microscopy. Furthermore, pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein expression levels were assessed in a series of 77 human semen samples, and associations with semen parameters were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Western blotting revealed a 100\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a band in human sperm protein extracts. The pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 was immunolocalized in the fibrous sheath of the flagellum of ejaculated spermatozoa and in elongated spermatids in human testes. A Western blot analysis of 77 normozoospermic semen samples evidenced striking differences in pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 levels from one to another sample (median [interquartile range] integrated optical density\u00a0=\u00a0305 [49\u20131038]). No correlations were found for pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 levels on one hand and semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm motility, or sperm morphology on the other (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05 for all). However, pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 levels were positively correlated with motility after density gradient centrifugation of the semen (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.224, <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.049).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein might be activated as an alternative pathway to rescue sperm motility. In human spermatozoa, pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 might therefore be a \u2018reservoir\u2019 of mature <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study generated new knowledge about pro\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>4 in human semen, which may be of interest in the management of male infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T04:33:24Z","timestamp":1531110804000},"page":"854-859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A\u2010kinase anchor protein 4 precursor (pro\u2010AKAP4) in human spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Jumeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"CHU Lille Reproductive Biology \u2013 Spermiology \u2013 CECOS Institute Lille France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sigala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"CHU Lille Reproductive Biology \u2013 Spermiology \u2013 CECOS Institute Lille France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Dossou\u2010Gbete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"CHU Lille Reproductive Biology \u2013 Spermiology \u2013 CECOS Institute Lille France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Frimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Barbotin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"CHU Lille Reproductive Biology \u2013 Spermiology \u2013 CECOS Institute Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bu\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"B\u00e9hal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Lille EA 2694 \u2013 Sant\u00e9 Publique: \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Qualit\u00e9 des Soins University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Sergeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR\u2010S 1172, Alzheimer &amp; Tauopathies CHU Lille University of Lille Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4308 \u2013 GQG \u2013 Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality University of Lille Lille France"},{"name":"CHU Lille Reproductive Biology \u2013 Spermiology \u2013 CECOS Institute Lille 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