{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:50:47Z","timestamp":1783749047152,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]],"date-time":"2018-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP86636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP86636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryopreserved human sperm are used in assisted reproductive technology. However, the effect of cryopreservation on sperm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>integrity is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the impact of semen cryopreservation on human sperm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>integrity and chromatin structure; (ii) test if parameters obtained from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00ae correlate; and (iii) verify correlation between sperm motility, morphology and viability with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00ae parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men attending a fertility clinic were recruited and grouped according to their sperm parameters (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a09\/group): normozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and teratozoospermia. Each semen sample was processed as follow: (i) directly frozen at \u221280\u00a0\u00b0C; (ii) diluted in Sperm Maintenance Medium, cooled for 30\u00a0min at 4\u00a0\u00b0C and frozen at \u221280\u00a0\u00b0C; (iii) diluted in Sperm Maintenance Medium; or (iv) in SpermFreeze. Each mixture from method (iii) and (iv) was then suspended for 30\u00a0min in liquid nitrogen vapor and plunged into liquid nitrogen. After at least two months of storage, samples were thawed at room temperature and analyzed for motility and viability,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00ae assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progressive motility and viability decreased after freeze\u2010thawing.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>scores increased significantly in all samples after freezing\u2010thawing while no significant change in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>fragmentation index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>) from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00ae was observed. No change in the percentage high<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>stainability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDS<\/jats:styled-content>) was observed in normozoospermic samples; however it was significantly increased in all the methods in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic and in the methods (ii)\u2013(iv) in teratozoospermic samples. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>scores correlated significantly with each other and inversely with sperm motility, viability and morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryopreservation seems to be deleterious for the integrity of human sperm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>and compaction. However, the sperm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>was not affected during cryopreservation under the various methods of storage tested. Clinicians and investigators should take this information into consideration when using cryopreserved sperm for assisted reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T05:18:09Z","timestamp":1535951889000},"page":"829-835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Effects of different cryopreservation methods on DNA integrity and sperm chromatin quality in men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5974-6577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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