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The present sample included 279 boys for whom data were available on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>, pubertal stage, testicular volume, and relevant covariates. Out of the boys with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> data, 187 provided a blood sample for hormone analysis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> was measured from the center of the anus to the base of the scrotum. Pubertal development was assessed according to Tanner stage of genital development (G1\u2013G5), and testicular volume was measured with an orchidometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis showed that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with testicular volume but not with Tanner stage (&gt;G1 vs. G1), serum hormone levels, or undescended testis. Regardless of their age, body mass index, and Tanner stage (G1 or &gt;G1), boys with longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> showed increased odds of a testicular volume &gt;3\u00a0mL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.06, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.00\u20131.19 per 10% increment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.14, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.99\u20139.94 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> &gt;42 mm vs. &lt;33\u00a0mm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with testicular growth, an indicator of gonadarche, but not with other reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with testicular volume, it remains unclear whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content> predicts testis size at puberty or is related to puberty onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T11:44:09Z","timestamp":1534419849000},"page":"874-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anogenital distance and reproductive outcomes in 9\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010old boys: the <scp>INMA<\/scp>\u2010Granada cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-1842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Oc\u00f3n\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Service San Cecilio University Hospital Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"D\u00e1vila\u2010Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Unit Health Science Technological Park University Hospital Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"},{"name":"Psychology Clinic ISEP Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Calvente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Olea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine Center for Biomedical Research University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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