{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:55:13Z","timestamp":1791816913322,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Octean AB"},{"name":"Laboratorios Q Pharma S.L."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous reports on effect of antioxidants on sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> integrity were equivocal, and there is a lack of randomized, placebo\u2010controlled studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of combined antioxidant treatment in subfertile men with normal reproductive hormone levels and high sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> fragmentation index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind, randomized study evaluated the effects of combined antioxidant treatment in 77 men from infertile couples, with normal testosterone, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> levels and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content> \u226525%. All participants were randomly assigned to receive combined antioxidant treatment (vitamins, antioxidants and oligoelements) or placebo for six months. The primary outcome measured was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>. Secondary outcomes were standard semen parameters. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content> and other semen parameters were, at each time point (pre\u2010treatment, and after three and six months of treatment), compared between the treatment and the placebo group using Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antioxidant group had higher sperm concentration after three months of treatment (median: 24.4 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/mL vs. 27.2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/mL; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.028) and borderline statistically significant higher concentration after six months of treatment (median: 24.4 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/mL vs. 33.3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/mL; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.053) compared to pre\u2010treatment values. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content> did not change during the 6\u00a0months of antioxidant therapy. No statistically significant difference between the antioxidant and placebo group was seen for any of the semen parameters including sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content> at any of the three time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increase in sperm concentration was more pronounced in the antioxidant treated group but not statistically significantly higher than among controls, perhaps due to insufficient statistical power. Previous studies have shown positive effect of antioxidant treatment on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content> and other semen parameters. However, our findings indicate that men with normal reproductive hormone levels may not be the primary target group for such therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six months treatment with antioxidants had no effect on sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1539058863000},"page":"811-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Impact of antioxidant treatment on <scp>DNA<\/scp> fragmentation index: a double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Stenqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Medicine Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Oleszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Medicine Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Centre Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Leijonhufvud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Medicine Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Giwercman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Medicine Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Centre Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.12.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.4.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.04146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2015.1050462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54855-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.07.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1246623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Organization WHO. 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