{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:26:21Z","timestamp":1759411581065,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1082548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1082548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgical sperm retrieval, requiring local anesthetic injection, is the most frequent surgical procedure in male infertility. However, needle phobia is common and may contribute to negative experiences or refusal of procedures employing needle injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the acceptability, safety, and efficacy of needle\u2010free jet anesthetic technique (MadaJet) with conventional needle injection for surgical sperm retrievals in patients with azoospermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single\u2010blind randomized controlled trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>) was included of 59 participants who underwent surgical sperm retrievals. Patients were randomly assigned to the needle\u2010free jet (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029) or needle injection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a030) groups prior to undergoing the surgery. The primary endpoint was the pain score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The safety and adverse outcomes were also not statistically significant difference (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). The pain score in patients using needle\u2010free jet was significantly lower than that in patients using needle injection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Patients in MadaJet group had a significantly lower discomfort score during (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and after (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) injection than those in the needle injection group. However, there was no significant difference in the fear score (before, during, and after) of MadaJet and needle injection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.74, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.94, respectively). The mean time to onset of anesthesia was much shorter in the MadaJet group as compared with needle injection (10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04 vs. 157.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a071\u00a0s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, the duration of anesthesia in patients using MadaJet was shorter compared with those using needle injection (44\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013 vs. 63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a026\u00a0min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, for local anesthesia in patients undergoing surgical sperm retrieval, MadaJet produces less pain and discomfort with quicker time to onset and offset of anesthesia compared with conventional needle injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T13:59:33Z","timestamp":1541685573000},"page":"69-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Needle\u2010free jet versus conventional needle injection for local anesthesia in men undergoing surgical sperm retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3236-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. D.","family":"Khoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. N.","family":"Quang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. D.","family":"Toan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. M. T.","family":"Loc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. T. N.","family":"Diem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. Q.","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. N. A.","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVFMD My Duc Hospital Ho Chi Minh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. W.","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4200-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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