{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:40:13Z","timestamp":1789105213275,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Toll\u2010like receptors play a crucial role in the immunological interaction between the spermatozoa and fallopian tube and contribute to the ovulation, sperm capacitation, fertilization, and pregnancy\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the expression of toll\u2010like receptors and their adaptor molecules and cytokines under the effect of spermatozoa with high DNA fragmentation (high DF) in human fallopian tube cell line (OE\u2010E6\/E7) and compare to those in normal spermatozoa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh semen samples were obtained from 10 unexplained infertile males with high DF (more than 20%) and from 10 healthy donors with a DF less than 3%. After sperm preparation, samples were co\u2010cultured with OE\u2010E6\/E7. Toll\u2010like receptors, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TIR domain\u2010containing adapter protein (TIRAP), TIR domain\u2010containing adapter\u2010inducing IFN\u2010b (TRIF), TRIF\u2010related adapter molecule as well as IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IFN\u2010\u03b2, and TNF\u03b1 mRNA expression were evaluated by quantitative real\u2010time PCR. Protein levels of these cytokines and chemokines were measured using ELISA method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TLR 1\u20106 mRNA expression in OE\u2010E6\/E7 was significantly higher under the effect of spermatozoa with high DF compared to the spermatozoa with low DF. Furthermore, significantly increased mRNA expression of MyD88, TIRAP, and TRIF was observed in the high DF group compared to the low DF group, except TRIF\u2010related adapter molecule. Moreover, the expression of IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 in the high DF group was significantly higher than low DF group, although there was no significant difference in IFN\u2010\u03b2 and TNF\u03b1 expression between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Damage\u2010associated molecular patterns from DNA damage activate TLR signaling pathway in human fallopian tubes and result in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This situation may provide pathologic environment for capacitation, fertilization, embryo development, and implantation in female reproductive tract and can be one of the mechanisms of infertility in men with high DF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T23:48:56Z","timestamp":1548028136000},"page":"228-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human sperm DNA damage has an effect on immunological interaction between spermatozoa and fallopian tube"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Zandieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Anatomy Department School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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