{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T23:27:05Z","timestamp":1781047625439,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,10]],"date-time":"2019-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["634457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["634457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controversial speculation suggestions that dietary intake may affect semen quality and testicular function, however, there are limited comprehensive studies observing dietary patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study associations between major dietary patterns and markers of testicular function in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational cross\u2010sectional study of two hundred and ninety men with an average age of 20 years, from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Usual dietary intake assessed using a semi\u2010quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 20\u00a0years of age. Two dietary patterns previously identified using exploratory factor analysis (\u201cHealthy\u201d or \u201cWestern\u201d) and participants received z\u2010scores for each dietary pattern. Primary endpoints were testicular volume, total sperm per ejaculate, morning serum testosterone concentration. Secondary endpoints were semen sample parameters, inhibin B and sex steroids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content>: 3\u03b1\u2010diol, 3\u03b2\u2010diol; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FSH<\/jats:styled-content>;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DHEA<\/jats:styled-content>; estradiol; estrone).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were on average 20.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4 years old, had a median of 2\u00a0days sexual abstinence and a body mass index of 24.1\u00a0\u00b1 3.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 13% were smokers, 52% were \u2018moderate\u2019 alcohol drinkers, 23% frequently used recreational drugs and 68% reported \u2018high\u2019 physical activity levels. Sperm concentration and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> 3\u03b1\u2010diol were negatively associated with a greater z\u2010score for the \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007 and; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044, respectively), and serum estradiol concentration was positively associated with a \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) after adjustment for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, varicocele, cryptorchidism and sexual abstinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite associations between greater intake of the \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern and a decreased male reproductive health markers, our lack of consistent associations of either a \u201cHealthy\u201d or a \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern, limit clinical or biological significance in isolation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A potential negative association of a \u201cWestern\u201d dietary pattern with male reproductive health was detected and should be studied further in population\u2010based studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T05:03:26Z","timestamp":1552280606000},"page":"273-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Associations between major dietary patterns and testicular function in a population\u2010based cohort of young men: results from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ognjenovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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