{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:30:51Z","timestamp":1788345051778,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK007571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK007571"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005974","name":"Population Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Novel male\u2010based contraceptives are needed to broaden family planning choices. A progestin, Nestorone\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (Nes) gel, plus a testosterone (T) gel suppresses sperm concentrations to levels associated with effective contraception in normal men. However, administration of two gels on different parts of the body daily is impractical.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compare the effectiveness of daily application of a single, combined 8.3\u00a0mg Nes\u201062.5\u00a0mg T gel (Nes\u2010T) vs. 62.7\u00a0mg T gel to suppress serum\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      concentrations to \u22641.0\u00a0IU\/L (a threshold associated with suppression of sperm concentrations to \u22641\u00a0million and effective contraception) and to compare the pharmacokinetics of serum Nes and T concentrations between the gel groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a 28\u2010day, double\u2010blind, controlled trial of 44 healthy men randomized to daily Nes\u2010T or T gel with measurement of hormones at baseline, treatment, and recovery and during 24\u2010h pharmacokinetic studies on days 1 and 28 of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the subjects who met pre\u2010defined inclusion criteria, 84% of the Nes\u2010T group suppressed serum gonadotropin concentrations to \u22641.0\u00a0IU\/L at days 21\u201328 vs. 16.7% in the T group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). On day 1, Nes concentrations rose significantly above baseline by 2\u00a0h and continued to rise up to 24\u00a0h after Nes\u2010T gel application. Nes concentrations were not detectable in the T group. Serum total T concentrations rose and were significantly higher in the T gel group compared to the Nes\u2010T group at 24\u00a0h on day 1 and days 11, 14, and 21 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). There were no serious adverse events in either group. About 80% of the subjects reported satisfaction with both gels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Daily Nes\u2010T gel effectively and safely suppresses serum gonadotropins and is acceptable to most men. It should be studied further in efficacy trials of hormonal male contraception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T07:47:11Z","timestamp":1554882431000},"page":"878-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Combined nestorone\u2013testosterone gel suppresses serum gonadotropins to concentrations associated with effective hormonal contraception in men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. D.","family":"Anawalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Y.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Ceponis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Torrance CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Surampudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Torrance CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. K.","family":"Amory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6084-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. S.","family":"Swerdloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Torrance CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Torrance CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Decisions Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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