{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:28:06Z","timestamp":1790465286106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most common cancer diagnosed in men of reproductive age group. Sperm banking is recommended in these patients prior to cancer treatment. There is no literature describing the proteins dysregulated in the spermatozoa of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with poor motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary objective of this study was to compare the differences in the sperm proteome of normozoospermic (motility\u00a0&gt;\u00a040%) and asthenozoospermic (motility\u00a0&lt;\u00a040%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients who had cryopreserved semen samples before initiating cancer therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pooled sperm samples from healthy fertile men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08), normozoospermic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020), and asthenozoospermic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients were used for quantitative global proteomic profiling by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>). The functional bioinformatic analysis was done by ingenuity pathway analysis software. Key differentially expressed proteins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content>s) associated with binding of zona pellucida (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>3), mitochondrial dysfunction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>5A1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UQCRC<\/jats:styled-content>2), sperm motility (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>1A4), and an exosomal protein involved in the metabolic process of the spermatozoa (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>9) were validated using Western blot analysis by comparing normozoospermic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) with asthenozoospermic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) TC patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann\u2013Whitney test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 813 and 957 proteins were detected in spermatozoa of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients, respectively. On the other hand, 1139 proteins were detected in the spermatozoa of healthy fertile men. 198 proteins were identified as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content>s between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with normal and abnormal semen parameters. Validation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content>s revealed downregulation of key proteins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>1A4, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>5A1, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UQCRC<\/jats:styled-content>2) implicated in the reproductive function in asthenozoospermic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content>s involved in the reproductive function pathways suggest defective spermatogenesis and maturation process in asthenozoospermic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Furthermore, dysfunctional exosomal pathway may be a possible cause of infertility in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proteins associated with sperm function and fertilization process are compromised in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> patients irrespective of their semen parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T09:24:51Z","timestamp":1553851491000},"page":"454-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A quantitative global proteomics approach to understanding the functional pathways dysregulated in the spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic testicular cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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