{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1785495953581,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of leukocytospermia with male fertility is still under debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact of leukocytospermia (\u22651\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u00a0white blood cells\/mL of semen, according to the World Health Organization) in men attending a fertility clinic for couple subfertility, on fertility outcomes after assisted reproductive technology (ART) and on semen quality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review with meta\u2010analysis of case\u2013control studies reporting mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation for values of different seminal parameters (sperm concentration, progressive motility, sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation, semen volume, and Ph) and fertilization rate (FR), or the odds ratio (OR) for clinical pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle after ART in leukocytospermic and non\u2010leukocytospermic patients was performed. A literature search was carried out in MEDLINE and SCOPUS for English\u2010language studies published till June 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight case\u2010controlled retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria, comparing fertility outcomes after ART or semen parameters in men with or without leukocytospermia. FR and PR after ART were not significantly different in the two groups. Leukocytospermic samples showed a lower sperm concentration (pooled SMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.14; 95% CI: \u22120.28, \u22120.01, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a071%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>for heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) and a lower progressive motility (pooled SMD\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.18; 95% CI: \u22120.29, \u22120.06; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a059%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>for heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). However, the significant differences disappeared, along with the large inter\u2010study heterogeneity, when analyses were restricted to studies clearly reporting the inclusion of men without clinical evidence of seminal tract infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leukocytospermia in men seeking consultation for couple subfertility is not associated with a reduced fertility after ART and with altered semen quality in populations asymptomatic for genital tract infection. Therefore, the current clinical criteria for definition of leukocytospermia should be re\u2010assessed in subfertile couples attending a fertility clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T12:28:29Z","timestamp":1561724909000},"page":"125-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Relationship between leukocytospermia, reproductive potential after assisted reproductive technology, and sperm parameters: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of case\u2013control studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Castellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environment Sciences University of L\u2019Aquila L\u2019Aquila 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Necozione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environment Sciences University of L\u2019Aquila L\u2019Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Francavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environment Sciences University of L\u2019Aquila L\u2019Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Francavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Life, Health and Environment Sciences University of L\u2019Aquila L\u2019Aquila 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