{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:42:40Z","timestamp":1784958160233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The possible role of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE<\/jats:styled-content>5Is) in prevention of negative effect of diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) on erectile function is not well settled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of early administration of vardenafil on erectile function, cavernosal structure, and genes expression in a rat model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This experimental study was carried out at\u00a0Suez Canal University's research laboratory. This study was conducted on a total of 60 adult male Albino Wistar rats, aged 60\u201380\u00a0days and weighing an average of 200\u00a0g. Rats were equally divided into six groups of 10 rats each: Group I (sham); Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> with no treatment); Groups <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IV<\/jats:styled-content>, V, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content> received vardenafil started at day 1, week 4, week 8, and week 12 after induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Functional study assessment of all groups was performed before euthanization, and then tissues were harvested for histopathological, ultrastructural, and molecular examinations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant difference of intracavernosal pressure between early (94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.18) and late (40.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.94) treatment groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011). Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> with no treatment and late treatment groups showed distorted cavernous architecture and extensive fibrosis. There was significant difference of smooth muscle to collagen ratio between early and late treatment groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.035). There was significant upregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.021) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.047) in early vs. late treatment group. The difference was insignificant in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.386) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.149).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early treated rats with vardenafil had preserved erection and normal cavernosal structure, ultrastructure and gene expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNOS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> eNOS<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21. Quantification of gene expression would improve our knowledge regarding cytokines expression and molecular background of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>. Clinical application of this result may encourage early administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDE<\/jats:styled-content>5I to prevent deleterious effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> on erectile function in newly diagnosed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> patients with probable uncontrolled blood glucose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T06:19:46Z","timestamp":1561702786000},"page":"241-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Early administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors after induction of diabetes in a rat model may prevent erectile dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"E. 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