{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:57:21Z","timestamp":1792220241516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most prevalent causes of sperm damage, through the toxic effects of endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. Peripheral leukocytes represent a feasible model for studying the pathophysiology of OS\u2010mediated homeostasis, which can be responsible for cell dysfunction and cell injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the redox status in patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (NOA), establishing the potential role exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the genesis of testicular secretory injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From May 2018 to March 2019, 39 patients were enrolled in this prospective single\u2010center cohort study and divided into two groups. Group 1 included 19 patients with NOA, and Group 2 included 20 normozoospermic men, partners of women with infertility tubal factor. All patients underwent serum blood tests. NOA underwent testicular sperm extraction (TeSE). ROS production (in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) was assessed by fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Plasma oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation markers (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both assessed by fluorometric techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean lymphocyte ROS production resulted 967.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0224.5 vs 728.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a098.0 (NOA vs Controls,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), monocyte ROS resulted 2102.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0517.5 vs 1253\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0171 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and granulocyte ROS were 2366.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0595.4 vs 1751.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0213.0 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Significant increases plasma lipid peroxidation markers were found in NOA patients compared with controls (2.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8 vs 0.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0nmol\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Significant decreased TAC was evident in NOA compared with controls (13.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 vs 3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0\u00b5mol\/mL Trolox equivalents,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). No significant differences were found in blood leukocyte subpopulations ROS production, plasma lipid peroxidation, and TAC comparing groups (positive vs negative sperm retrieval,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ROS production can be directly related to disorders of spermatogenesis, leading to severe conditions of male infertility, including azoospermia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,26]],"date-time":"2019-10-26T07:44:43Z","timestamp":1572075883000},"page":"364-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmartin","family":"Cito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Careggi Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Becatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Natali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Careggi Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Fucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre Careggi Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-6769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assisted Reproductive Technology Centre Careggi Hospital University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Careggi Hospital University of Florence Florence 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