{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:48:59Z","timestamp":1789775339036,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gene expression patterns along the epididymis are established by specific transcription factor networks that coordinate region\u2010specific functions. In rodents, the epididymis can be divided in up to 19 segments. Based on gross anatomy, the human epididymis is divided into caput, corpus, and cauda segments together with efferent ducts that occupy the proximal part of this organ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine to which extent gene expression pattern is segmented along the efferent ducts and the proximal region of the epididymis in men of reproductive age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epididymal transcriptome profiling was performed on eight distinct regions from three donors. Microarray analysis was performed on a gene\u2010chip microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs)&gt;2\u2010fold change (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) were clustered in relation to their intensity profiles. Overrepresented biological functions from gene ontology were searched using DAVID 6.8. Expression profiles were validated by qRT\u2010PCR quantification of selected genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no DEGs among segments 1\u20103 of efferent ducts region neither among segments 4\u20106 of the caput epididymis. 1058 DEGs were identified between efferent ducts and the epididymis, whereas 444 and 846 DEGs distinguished the caput from the corpus (section 7) and cauda (section 8) epididymis, respectively. A total of 131 DEGs were detected between corpus (7) and cauda (8) transcriptomes. Up\u2010regulated DEGs in the efferent ducts were predominantly related to cilium assembly\/movement and cell differentiation. Fertilization, defense, and immune responses were associated with caput epididymis (4\u20106), while spermatogenesis and protein binding were found all along the epididymis (4\u20108).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proximal human epididymis is exclusively occupied by efferent ducts with a distinct DEG profile compared with the downstream epididymal segments. Moreover, gene expression profiling revealed two regions in the human epididymis: the caput and the distal corpus\/cauda region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human epididymal transcriptome reveals limited DEGs, and efferent ducts have a distinct DEGs profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T12:12:43Z","timestamp":1577448763000},"page":"625-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Differential gene expression profiles of human efferent ducts and proximal epididymis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division CHU de Quebec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"},{"name":"Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4524-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division CHU de Quebec\u2010Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"},{"name":"Department Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316411124.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.130658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad6780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Evolution of the vertebrate epididymis","volume":"53","author":"Jones RC","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_2","volume-title":"The epididymis From molecules to clinical practice. A comprehensive survey of the efferent ducts, the epididymis and the vas deferens","author":"Jones RC","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Receptor tyrosine kinase c\u2010ros knockout mice as a model for the study of epididymal regulation of sperm function","volume":"53","author":"Yeung CH","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0679-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001910306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"The third international conference on the epididymis","author":"Dacheux JL","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1381-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2011.639844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.138768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.059246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"ThimonV CalvoE SullivanR.DNA microarray analysis of the human epididymis transcriptome.IV epididymal workshop Chatel\u2010Guyon France;2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod64.2.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmp116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.057323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.039719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Testicular regulation of epididymal gene expression","volume":"53","author":"Hinton BT","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817018116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.168791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920090409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.262"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fandr.12745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12745","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.12745","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T06:41:56Z","timestamp":1693896116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.12745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.12745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12745","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}