{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T12:25:46Z","timestamp":1772454346871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent report of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 presence in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease, re\u2010opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore current data and hypothesis on the possible sites of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in the male reproduction system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the current literature to describe: a) the evidences on angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (AC2E) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in the testes, accessory glands (including prostate) and the urinary tract; b) other coronaviruses\u2019 (SARS and MERS) ability to infect these sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The co\u2010expression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was reported in spermatogonial stem cells, elongated spermatids, in at least a small percentage of prostate hillock cells and in renal tubular cells. Testicular damage was described in autopsies of SARS patients, without evidence of the virus in the specimens. Prostate is a known infection site for MERS\u2010CoV. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was detected in urines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are still al lot of open questions on the effects of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection on the male reproductive tract. The presence of receptors is not a proof that the testis provides a site for viral infection and it is still unknown if SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is capable to pass the blood\u2010testis barrier. The possibility of a prostate involvement has not been investigated yet: we have no data, but theoretically it cannot be excluded. Moreover, the RNA detected in semen could have been just a residual of urinary shedding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opening our prospective beyond the testis could be the key to better understand the possibility of a semen\u2010related viral transmission as well as COVID19 short and long\u2010term effects on male reproductive function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T20:29:10Z","timestamp":1592080150000},"page":"39-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in the semen: Where does it come from?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-2786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Massarotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Garolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Department of Medicine University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Scaruffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Stigliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Anserini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Foresta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Department of Medicine University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12825"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0443"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Proteinatlashttps:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/. Accessed on May 10th 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03208-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShenQ XiaoX AierkenA LiaoM HuaJ.The ACE2 Expression in Sertoli cells and Germ cells may cause male reproductive disorder after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infection. OSF preprint. 2020;February:24.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/fs5hd","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/fs5hd"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0451"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044776"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix436"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200427112902"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090665"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13379"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00662-x"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang W","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fandr.12839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12839","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.12839","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T19:04:32Z","timestamp":1693767872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.12839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.12839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12839","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}