{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:12:08Z","timestamp":1788343928803,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) may present with testicular volume loss and a decrease in circulating testosterone (T) levels. However, the actual rate of hypogonadism in adult KS men is unknown. We aimed to (a) assess the prevalence of different forms of hypogonadism in a cohort of KS patients with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (NOA); and (b) investigate potential preoperative predictor of positive sperm retrieval (SR) at surgery in the same cohort of men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete data from 103 KS men with NOA who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) between 2008 and 2019 at five centers were analyzed. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients were categorized into four groups of hypogonadism as follows: eugonadism [normal total T (tT) (\u22653.03\u00a0ng\/mL) and normal luteinizing hormone (LH) (\u22649.4 mUI\/mL)], secondary hypogonadism [low tT (\u22643.03\u00a0ng\/mL) and low\/normal LH (\u22649.4 mUI\/mL)], primary hypogonadism [low tT (\u22643.03\u00a0ng\/mL) and elevated LH (\u22659.4 mUI\/mL)], and compensated hypogonadism [normal tT (\u22653.03\u00a0ng\/mL) and elevated LH (\u22659.4 mUI\/mL)]. Descriptive statistics tested the association between clinical characteristics and laboratory values among the four groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (IQR) patients age was 32 (24, 37) years. Baseline follicle\u2010stimulating hormone and tT levels were 29.5 (19.9, 40.9) mUI\/mL and 3.8 (2.5, 11.0) ng\/mL, respectively. Eugonadism, primary hypogonadism, and compensated hypogonadism were found in 16 (15.6%), 34 (33.0%), and 53 (51.4%) men, respectively. No patients had secondary hypogonadism. Positive SR rate at TESE was 21.4% (22 patients); of 22, 15 (68.2%) patients underwent assisted reproductive technology and five (22.7%) ended in live birth children. Patients\u2019 age, BMI, CCI, FSH levels, and positive SR rates were comparable among hypogonadism groups. No preoperative parameters were associated with positive SR at logistic regressions analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings from this cross\u2010sectional study showed that 15.6% of adult KS men have normal tT values at presentation in the real\u2010life setting. Most KS patients presented with either compensated or primary hypogonadism. Sperm retrieval rates were not associated with different forms of hypogonadism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T20:39:41Z","timestamp":1592426381000},"page":"1705-1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Rates of hypogonadism forms in Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A multicenter cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; RCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Boeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; RCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Urology Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Capogrosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; RCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0197-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Preto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Sibona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Franceschelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit University Hospital S. Orsola Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Ruiz\u2010Casta\u00f1\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Department of Andrology Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Sarquella\u2010Geli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Department of Andrology Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Bassas\u2010Arnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Department of Andrology Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio I.","family":"Scroppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Ospedale di Circolo and Macchi Foundation Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit University Hospital S. Orsola Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Timpano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Ceruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Gadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit University Hospital S. Orsola Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gontero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino \u2010 Presidio Molinette Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Montorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; RCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josvany","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Curbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Department of Andrology Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0595-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Salonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI; RCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16678-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.00986.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaq022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1453358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"SaloniaA BettocchiC CarvalhoJ et al.EAU Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health.https:\/\/uroweb.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/EAU\u2010Guidelines\u2010on\u2010Sexual\u2010and\u2010Reproductive\u2010Health\u20102020.pdf. Assessed on 05\/04\/2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb04141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000316604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0541-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization web chapter on couple\u2019s infertility. 2017.http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/infertility\/definitions. Accessed May 2 2019 n.d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1796"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2019.1671821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0087-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2834"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12270"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fandr.12843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.12843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.12843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T20:54:37Z","timestamp":1693601677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.12843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.12843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12843","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}