{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T08:27:15Z","timestamp":1747643235075,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]],"date-time":"2020-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671453","81270691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671453","81270691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Males with short penises may suffer from sexual dysfunction and psychological problems. However, currently, managing short penis is a huge challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore whether inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity (anti\u2010LOX) combined with a vacuum device could lengthen the penis of pubertal rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male rats of different ages were purchased, their exposed penile lengths and weights were measured, and protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in the corpus cavernosum were analyzed. Fifteen\u2010day\u2010old rats were then purchased and divided into six groups: control, Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase, \u2212200\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg (vacuum device under \u2212200\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg value), \u2212200\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg\u00a0+\u00a0Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase, \u2212300\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg, and \u2212300\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg\u00a0+\u00a0Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase groups. After the intervention duration of 7\u00a0weeks, rats' penile length was measured and erectile function was assessed. The corpus cavernosum was harvested for histopathology and molecular assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposed penile length and weight significantly increased with age, especially between 4 and 8\u00a0weeks. Both the protein expression and lysyl oxidase activity in corpus cavernosum were the highest at 2\u00a0weeks; however, they quickly decreased with age and slowly declined after 8\u00a0weeks. Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase significantly increased the penile length by 10.79% over controlled rats, \u2212200\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg\u00a0+\u00a0Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase lengthened it by 14.05%, and \u2212300\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg\u00a0+\u00a0Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase increased it by 19.84%. Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase significantly reduced lysyl oxidase activity to decrease pyridinoline concentration; however, it did not change desmosine (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.28), hydroxyproline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.14), and total elastin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.06) levels. Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase with or without a vacuum device did not diminish erectile function or impair the normal microstructure of corpus cavernosum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rats' penile growth peaks occurred between 4 and 8\u00a0weeks. Anti\u2010lysyl oxidase with a vacuum device promoted penile lengthening by inhibiting pyridinoline production to induce tunica albuginea remodeling. The penile lengthening effect was more obvious in pubertal rats than the adult rats. None of the procedures decreased erectile function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T05:28:20Z","timestamp":1592976500000},"page":"1884-1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characteristics of penile growth in pubertal rats and a non\u2010invasive method to lengthen the penis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Laboratory West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fudong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Laboratory West China 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