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Testicular germ cell tumour is part of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome which includes also cryptorchidism, hypospadias, oligo\/azoospermia and short anogenital distance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary objective was to examine anogenital distance in testicular germ cell tumour cases and healthy fertile controls. The secondary objective was to assess the (CAG)n polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor gene in relationship with anogenital distances and testicular germ cell tumour development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>156 testicular germ cell tumour patients and 110 tumour\u2010free normozoospermic controls of Spanish origin. All subjects underwent full andrological workup (including semen and hormone analysis) and genetic analysis (Androgen Receptor (CAG)n). The main outcome measures were the anopenile distance (AGDap), the anoscrotal distance (AGDas) and <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic>(CAG)n.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed significantly shorter anogenital distances in the group of testicular germ cell tumour patients in respect to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) independently from sperm count and testis histology. Threshold values, applicable only to our cohort, were calculated for anogenital distances with the best sensitivity and specificity. Subjects with AGDap and AGDas below threshold showed a significantly increased risk for testicular germ cell tumour (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.97, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.01\u201012.33, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001 and OR\u00a0=\u00a04.11, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.89\u20108.92, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001, respectively). No significant correlation was observed between <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic>(CAG)n polymorphism and anogenital distances. The median values of the <jats:italic>AR<\/jats:italic>(CAG)n were similar between cases and controls, excluding a major role for this polymorphism in the etiopathogenesis of these testicular dysgenesis syndrome components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ours is the first study focusing on anogenital distances in testicular germ cell tumour patients. We identified short anogenital distances (which is a surrogate biomarker of androgen action during foetal life) as a significant risk factor for this disease. After further validation of our preliminary data, anogenital distance measurement could become part of testicular germ cell tumour screening in order to better define those individuals who would benefit from long\u2010term active follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T19:24:10Z","timestamp":1595186650000},"page":"1770-1778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Short anogenital distance is associated with testicular germ cell tumour development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Moreno\u2010Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB\u2010Sant Pau) Departament de Medicina Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Casamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences \"Mario Serio\" University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Riera\u2010Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB\u2010Sant Pau) Departament de Medicina Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Pietroforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences \"Mario Serio\" University of Florence Florence Italy"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit Medical Department Azienda Usl Bologna Maggiore\u2010Bellaria Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ruiz\u2010Casta\u00f1e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB\u2010Sant Pau) Departament de Medicina Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csilla","family":"Krausz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sant Pau (IIB\u2010Sant Pau) Departament de Medicina Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences \"Mario Serio\" University of Florence Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0700"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"e91204","article-title":"Experimentally induced testicular dysgenesis syndrome originates in the masculinization programming window. 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