{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:41:47Z","timestamp":1779910907291,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an endless debate on whether androgens mediate testis descent through developmental changes in the gubernacular or the cranial suspensory ligament.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relation of any possible morphologic changes in the genital mesentery, that is, the system of genital peritoneal folds including the gubernacular and cranial suspensory ligaments, with the event of testis non\u2010descent in rats prenatally exposed to the antiandrogen flutamide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time\u2010pregnant Sprague Dawley rats received flutamide (100\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) or vehicle subcutaneously on gestational days 16\u201017. Flutamide\u2010treated male offspring (n\u00a0=\u00a067), and vehicle\u2010treated male (n\u00a0=\u00a034) and female (n\u00a0=\u00a028) offspring were surgically explored under microscope on postnatal day 50. Testicular position was examined bilaterally. Dimensions of genital mesentery parts were also assessed bilaterally. Association of flutamide\u2010induced morphologic changes with descended (n\u00a0=\u00a061) and undescended (n\u00a0=\u00a050; 33 cryptorchid and 17 ectopic) testes was investigated with logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The male genital mesentery comprised a cranial and a caudal fold converging on the vas deferens. Flutamide resulted in enlarged cranial and reduced caudal folds. Of all flutamide\u2010induced alterations, the increased length of the posterior fixation of the cranial fold and the decreased length of the gubernacular ligament of the caudal fold were found to independently increase the odds of testis non\u2010descent. Testicular ectopy, unlike cryptorchidism, was associated with a short gubernacular ligament only. The female genital mesentery consisted of a cranial fold only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings showed a combined contribution of both cranial and caudal folds of the genital mesentery to testis non\u2010descent, through an abnormally long mesentery root and an abnormally short gubernacular ligament, respectively. Inhibition of male\u2010specific development of the genital mesentery with flutamide did not result in a feminized architecture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T17:21:49Z","timestamp":1600449709000},"page":"440-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Morphologic alterations of the genital mesentery implicated in testis non\u2010descent in rats prenatally exposed to flutamide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Mentessidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Salakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Research Institute of Maternal &amp; Child Health and Precision Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kanaka\u2010Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Pediatrics Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkiviadis","family":"Kostakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Surgery Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Mirilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35842-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-2-727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80272-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1992.tb00349.x","article-title":"Androgen\u2010induced prevention of the outgrowth of cranial gonadal suspensory ligaments in fetal rats","volume":"13","author":"Van der Schoot P","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90384-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0950145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000260062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/2.5.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0960483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"A study of the development and structural relationships of the testis and gubernaculum","volume":"110","author":"Lemeh CN","year":"1960","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.1996.tb00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02449-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66093-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-015-3673-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10520290500138422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"14\u201016, 299\u2010300","volume-title":"Medical Statistics. 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