{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:12:11Z","timestamp":1788343931502,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trends of male factor causes of couples' infertility over time have been poorly investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated trends in the causes of pure male factor infertility (MFI) throughout the last 10\u00a0years in a tertiary\u2010referral academic andrology center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline characteristics at first presentation from a cohort of 1647 consecutive male factor infertility patients belonging to primary infertile couples between 2008 and 2018 have been comprehensively collected over time. Seven major causes of male factor infertility were identified: varicocoele; history of cryptorchidism; hypogonadism (primary and secondary); obstructive azoospermia; genetic abnormalities; other causes (large group including the remnant conditions of known causes); and idiopathic infertility. Rates of different male factor infertility causes over the study period were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models tested the likelihood of male factor infertility causes over time. Estimated trends were explored graphically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of all, varicocoele was found in 615 (37.3%), cryptorchidism in 124 (7.5%), genetic abnormalities in 61 (3.7%), hypogonadism in 165 (10%), obstructive conditions in 55 (3.3%), other causes in 129 (7.8%) patients, and idiopathic infertility in 498 (30.3%) patients, respectively. Over time, a reduction in the proportions of cryptorchidism and varicocoele (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) cases was observed, along with an increase in the proportions of hypogonadism, other causes of MFI and idiopathic cases (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.01). Rates of genetic and obstructive cases remained stable. The observed trends were confirmed at logistic regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A decreasing trend in the proportions of varicocoele and cryptorchidism at first presentation was observed over the last 10\u00a0years; conversely, the proportions of idiopathic cases, hypogonadal patients, and infertile men presenting with other male factor infertility causes significantly increased over the same time frame at a single tertiary\u2010referral academic andrology center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:19:40Z","timestamp":1606263580000},"page":"610-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Male factor infertility trends throughout the last 10\u00a0years: Report from a tertiary\u2010referral academic andrology centre"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fallara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy"},{"name":"University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Boeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele 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