{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:20:05Z","timestamp":1790684405202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether sperm origin, either ejaculated or testicular, in couples diagnosed with male factor infertility, affects the timing of the embryo's developmental events evaluated by time\u2010lapse monitoring and implantation rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effect of sperm origin on embryo morphokinetics in couples diagnosed with male factor infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included a retrospective analysis of morphokinetic parameters performed by time\u2010lapse monitoring between 2013 and 2017. The developmental processes and morphokinetic parameters of 419 embryos obtained from couples with male factor infertility attributed to oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratozoospermia, 158 embryos derived from surgically extracted testicular spermatozoa from couples diagnosed with non\u2010obstructive azoospermia, and 190 embryos from couples with normal ejaculated spermatozoa and female mechanical factor\u2010related infertility, were evaluated. A comparison of morphokinetic parameters, implantation, and clinical pregnancy rates was performed between the groups with additional analysis in accordance with implantation status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Embryos from the normal ejaculated spermatozoa and oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratozoospermia patients reached the later morphokinetic milestones\u2014synchronous division (S3) and time to morula (tM)\u2014faster than embryos obtained from testicular spermatozoa. Implantation rate was similar in the normal ejaculated spermatozoa and oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratozoospermia groups (41.9% vs. 45.8%, NS), with higher implantation rate in the oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratozoospermia group compared to the testicular spermatozoa group (45.8% vs. 33.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Comparison of Known Implantation Data (KID) positive (KIDp) and KID negative (KIDn) embryos in each group revealed more rapid development in KIDp embryos in the normal ejaculated spermatozoa and the oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratozoospermia groups, while in the testicular spermatozoa group implanted embryos reached the late morphokinetic milestones (time to 8 cell stage\u2014t8, ECC3, S3, and tM) significantly faster than embryos that failed to implant. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the male factor infertility population, (oligo\u2010astheno\u2010teratospermia) (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and t8 (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) were predictive of successful implantation. Male factor infertility embryos that reached the t8 milestone within 48\u201356\u00a0h had favorable implantation rates (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results may highlight another pathophysiology by means of which sperm origin affects embryo developmental kinetics. Selecting embryos demonstrating a faster developmental rate at t8 and specifically the 48\u2010 to 56\u00a0h interval following time of pronuclei fading (tPNf) may improve implantation rates in cases of male factor infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed that ejaculated spermatozoa is associated with faster late cell divisions, more rapid compaction, and higher implantation rates compared to testicular spermatozoa. Additionally, t8 is an important predictor for implantation in the male factor infertility population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T05:09:22Z","timestamp":1606712962000},"page":"632-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Does sperm origin\u2014Ejaculated or testicular\u2014Affect embryo morphokinetic parameters?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1848-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilad","family":"Karavani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hadassah Medical Center\u2013Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Kan\u2010Tor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natali","family":"Schachter\u2010Safrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hadassah Medical Center\u2013Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliahu","family":"Levitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility and IVF Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Soroka University Medical Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Kaplan Hospital Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaf","family":"Ben\u2010Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hadassah Medical Center\u2013Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Infertility and IVF Unit Hadassah Medical Center\u2013Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amnon","family":"Buxboim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Har\u2010Vardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility and IVF Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Soroka University Medical Center Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer\u2010Sheva 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