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This parasite has been found in the reproductive organs and semen of males of many animal species as well as humans. The effects of toxoplasmosis on sperm count, motility and morphology were confirmed in rats. A higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis has been observed in infertile men. On the other hand, no significant effect of infection on semen parameters in men was found in one already published study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in men with and without semen pathology and to examine in detail the possible impact of infection on semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pre\u2010registered cross\u2010sectional study included 669 men who visited the Centre for Assisted Reproduction in Prague from June 2016 until June 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of fertility problems was significantly higher in the 163 <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected men (48.47%) than in the 506 <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010free men (42.29%), \u03c4 = 0.049, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029. After correction for multiple tests, we found significantly lower sperm concentration, concentration of progressively motile sperm, and concentration of non\u2010progressively motile sperm in <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive men than in <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative men using partial Kendall correlation with age controlled. In addition, toxoplasmosis correlated with sperm quality in smokers but not in non\u2010smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that latent toxoplasmosis affects certain semen parameters (sperm count and motility), but does not seem to affect sperm morphology and semen volume. Impairment of semen parameters may be either a side effect of the presence of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in male reproductive organs or a product of manipulation activity of the parasite aimed to increase the efficiency of the sexual route of its transmission. Tobacco smoking also appears to exacerbate the negative impact of toxoplasmosis on semen parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T03:51:25Z","timestamp":1610596285000},"page":"854-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2011-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Hlav\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy and History of Science Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech 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